Chapter 24 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIVAIDS 1

Chapter 24 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS 1

Lesson 1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2

• Communicable Disease – A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment • Infection – A condition that occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage body cells • Virus – A piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat • Take their course in the body, the cells multiply until the immune system kills them off • Bacteria – Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere • Most are harmless, some are helpful (digestion) • Toxins – Disease-causing bacteria – Substances that kill cells or interfere with their functions • Can be treated with an antibiotic • Fungi – Plantlike organisms, cause disease of the lungs, the mucous membrane, and the skin • Protozoa – Single-celled organism that are larger and more complex than bacteria • Rickettsias – Resemble bacteria, often enters the body through insect bites 3

What are STDs? • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – Infections spread from person to person through sexual contact – aka, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) • Communicable diseases • Viruses or Bacterial infections – In order for infection to occur, direct genital contact or the exchange of semen or other body fluids with someone infected must occur • Asymptomatic – The individual show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection 4

Common STDs: the Top 6 • Genital HPV Infections – Caused by HPV (human papillomavirus) – Over 100 kinds – Cause genital warts, cervical cancer • Chlamydia – Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs – Most common STD among teens – Often produces no symptoms • Genital Herpes – Caused by herpes simplex virus – Herpes simplex 1 causes cold sores around the mouth – Herpes simplex 2 causes genital sores • Gonorrhea – Bacterial STD affecting the mucous membranes – Asymptomatic for males and mild symptoms for females – Left untreated can cause infertility • Trichomoniasis – Caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra and bladder – Vaginitis • • Inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching Syphilis – Caused by a spirochete, small bacterium – Develop sores in the genital area – Three stages: sore, rash, damage of internal organs 5

The STD Epidemic • Epidemic – Disease outbreak that affects people in the same place and at the same time • Pandemic – A global outbreak of an infectious disease • The US is currently facing an STD epidemic • 19 million people are infected with an STD – Half are under the age of 24 – Go undiagnosed or untreated: • • Embarrassment or fear Lack of symptoms Misinformation Notification policies 6

Lesson 2 Preventing and Treating STDs 7

Prevention Through Abstinence • Most successful in preventing STDs • Bacterial infections can be treated or cured with antibiotics – A class of chemical agents that destroy diseasecausing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed • Viral infections are incurable • STDs left untreated or not diagnosed early can result in serious permanent damage or long-term health consequences 8

Guidelines for Staying Committed to Abstinence • Set personal limits on physical affection • Avoid dating someone who is sexually active or who pressures you to go beyond your limits • Avoid situations where you may feel pressured to engage in sexual activity • Avoid people who make fun of your decisions or urge high-risk behaviors • Choose group outings where you can enjoy the company of friends and avoid pressure to engage in sexual activity • Be clear about your decision to practice abstinence • Practice refusal skills 9

High-Risk Behaviors • Being sexually active with more than one person • Engaging in unprotected sex • Engaging in sexual activity with high-risk partners • Using alcohol and other drugs 10

HPV Vaccine • A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, precancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection • Protects against 4 types of HPV infections 11

Diagnosing and Treating STDs 12

Genital HPV Infections 13

Chlamydia 14

Gonorrhea 15

Trichomoniasis 16

Syphilis 17

And More…. 18