Chapter 2 The Planting of English America 1500

Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, 1500– 1733

I. England’s Imperial Stirrings • Initially hesitant to colonize overseas – Spain’s ally 1 st half of the century. • Protestant Reformation – – King Henry VIII broke for the Catholic Church Catholics v. Protestants Protestant Elizabeth (1558) rose to the thrown Conflicted with Spain. Why?

II. Elizabeth Energizes England • Goals: promote Protestantism and plunder by seizing Spanish treasure ships. • Sir Francis Drake – Looted Spanish ships and property – Secretly knighted by Queen Elizabeth • Attempts to colonize – Sir Humphrey Gilbert • Obtained charter, but was lost at sea (Newfoundland) – Sir Walter Raleigh (1585) • Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina • Colony mysteriously disapeared

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III. England on the Eve of Empire • England’s victory over Spain – Ensured naval dominance – Dampened Spain’s fighting spirit • England population boom – Economic depression, unemployment – Primogeniture landowners forced to look elsewhere • Emergence and perfected Joint-stock companies – Modern corporation • Peace with Spain (1604) gave opportunity to colonize – Unemployment, adventure, markets, religious freedom all provided motives.

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IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling • Virginia Company (joint-stock) – Charter from King James I • Promise of gold and passage through America to the Indies • Guaranteed same rights as Englishmen and eventually extend to subsequent English colonies. • Remain with in the embrace of traditional English institution – Did not plan on long term colonization • hoped to make a quick buck and liquidize the profits • Jamestown (1607) http: //youtu. be/vp. A 5 O 46 Ioyk – http: //youtu. be/ZINHFy. VDp 3 s

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V. Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake • Powhatan’s Confederacy V. English Colonist – Starving colonist raid Indian food supply – Lord De L Warr declares war against Indians • Raided, burned houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields. • First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) – Peace with the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas • Tensions and attacks – Va. Company orders “perpetual war without peace truce. ” – Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644) • Peace in 1646 • Banished Chesapeake Indians from their land formally separated Indian from white areas of settlement. • Difference between Spain and England with Indian relations – Spain put Indians to work in mines – No economic purpose to Virginia colonist

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VI. The Indians’ New World • Demographic and cultural transformation – Columbian exchange of animals, food, diseases • Reinvent their tribes for survival – Trade • Firearms • Resulted an increase of Indian on Indian violence – Struggled to keep up with the expanding Atlantic economy – Inland native, Algonquins, had advantages • Time, space, and numbers • British or French trader conform to Indian ways • Often taking Indian wives

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VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco • http: //youtu. be/vp. A 5 O 46 Ioyk • Promoted plantation system and fresh labor – Makings of colonial slavery – 1619 reported 20 Africans • Seeds of slave system – 1650 reported 300 Africans – End of the century, 14% of the colony’s population • 1619 House of Burgesses – Representative self government – James I grew hostile toward VA. • Detested tobacco and distrusted House of Burgesses • Revoked the charter in 1624, became ROYAL COLONY

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VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven • Lord Baltimore (1634) – Refuge for fellow Catholics • Tempers flared with back country planters (protestant) – Plan for a feudal system • Planation colony, tobacco – Depended on labor, indenture servants • Supported Act of Toleration, 1649 – Toleration of all Christians – Death penalty for Jews and atheists • Sheltered most Catholics than any other English speaking colony in the New World.

IX. The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America • Spain weakened in area, England makes presence known. • Sugar plantations – Foundation of economy – Sugar cane, rich mans crop. • Extensive work , Wealthy growers • Huge numbers of enslaved Africans (out numbered whites) • Barbados Slave Code – Complete control, brutal punishments • Growth of sugar led to smaller farmers displaced – Migrated to southern mainland colonies – Brought with them enslaved Africans & Slave Code • Staging area for the slave system in English North America

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X. Colonizing the Carolinas • Prospered by developing close economic ties with West Indies • Vigorous slave trade – Enlisted aid from Savannah Indians to search for captives – Exporting Indians to West Indies • Rice emerged as principle export crop • Charles Town – Rapid busy sea port – Rich aristocratic flavor – Diverse community: French Protestant & Jews

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XI. The Emergence of North Carolina • “the quintessence of Virginia’s discontent. ” • Squatters • Raised tobacco on small farms – Little need for slaves • Character traits – Poor, riffraff – Resistance to authority • Democratic, Independent-minded, and least aristocratic of the original 13 colonies – Similar to Rhode Island • Tuscarora War – Resulted in selling of hundreds into slavery, – Wanders went north and became 6 th nation of the Iroquois Confederacy

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XII. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony • Last colony, meant to act as a buffer – Protect valuable Carolinas against vengeful Spaniards from Florida and French from Louisiana – Received monetary subsidies from British govt. • Only colony to receive such grants – At first rejected slave system • Haven for wretched imprisoned individual in debt • Melting pot community – Germans, Scots

XIII. The Plantation Colonies • Southern mainland Colonies: Md, Va, NC , SC, and Ga. – Exporting agricultural products – Tobacco and rice – Slavery, later Georgia • Scattering of plantations and farms retarded the growth of cities • Tax supported Church of England • http: //youtu. be/7 FLMPn. Ddgxo overview

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