Atoms Atoms Elements are made of individual particles

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Atoms

Atoms

Atoms ● Elements are made of individual particles called atoms ● Every atom is

Atoms ● Elements are made of individual particles called atoms ● Every atom is made of 3 parts: ○ Protons ○ Neutrons ○ Electrons

Atoms (cont. ) ● Protons: positive charge ● Neutrons: neutral, no charge Nucleus ●

Atoms (cont. ) ● Protons: positive charge ● Neutrons: neutral, no charge Nucleus ● Electrons: negative charge ○ Travel around the nucleus, creating a cloud

Protons ● All atoms have a specific number ● Identifies the element ○ Change

Protons ● All atoms have a specific number ● Identifies the element ○ Change the number, change the element ● Proton # = Atomic # ○ Shown on periodic table

Write this down! Protons and Neutrons ● Add them together = atomic mass ●

Write this down! Protons and Neutrons ● Add them together = atomic mass ● Use atomic # to find # of protons ● Use atomic mass to find number of neutrons

Electrons ● # of electrons = # of protons ● Electrons are so small,

Electrons ● # of electrons = # of protons ● Electrons are so small, they do not really contribute to the mass

Bohr Model ● Bohr suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in levels This is

Bohr Model ● Bohr suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in levels This is not technically correct. It is used more as a representation.

Another view

Another view

Energy Levels First level = 2 electrons Second level = 8 electrons Third level

Energy Levels First level = 2 electrons Second level = 8 electrons Third level = 18 electrons Fourth level = 32 electrons Outer level has greatest effect on properties called Valence electrons ● Outer level can never have more than 8 electrons ● ● ●

Symbols ● Chemical symbols used to represent elements ○ First letter = CAP ○

Symbols ● Chemical symbols used to represent elements ○ First letter = CAP ○ Second letter = lower case

Isotopes ● Same element - different number of neutrons ○ Changes the atomic mass

Isotopes ● Same element - different number of neutrons ○ Changes the atomic mass

Example of Isotopes - Carbon

Example of Isotopes - Carbon

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