Arts and Humanities Music Review Elements of Music

Elements of Music • • Rhythm Tempo Melody Harmony Form Timbre Dynamics

Tempo Markings • Largo – Very slow • Moderato – Medium speed • Allegro

Melody • The main part of the song that can be hummed by the

Harmony • Two or more notes sounded together

Form • The way the music is organized – Overture • Introduction for operas

Types of Forms • AB – 2 contrasting sections • ABA – 2 contrasting

Timbre • The unique characteristic of sound • VOCAL TIMBRES – Soprano • High

INSTRUMENT FAMILIES • Woodwind – Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Oboe, Bassoon • Brass – Trumpet,

Dynamics • The loudness or softness of music • • • Pianissimo (pp) Piano

Music Symbols • Staff • Treble Clef • Bass Clef

Baroque Period • Important Composers – George Frederic Handel • Known for oratorios (“The

Classical Period • Important Composers – Franz Josef Haydn • “The father of the

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • A child prodigy • Wrote many symphonies and operas

Romantic Period • Important Composers – Richard Wagner • Known for his operas •

Modern Period • Jazz Music – Combines spirituals, blues, and improvisation to create a

Purposes of Music • Ceremonial – Music for ceremonies and rituals – Star Spangled

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Arts and Humanities Music Review

Elements of Music • • Rhythm Tempo Melody Harmony Form Timbre Dynamics

Rhythm • The pattern of notes and rests

Tempo • The speed of the music

Tempo Markings • Largo – Very slow • Moderato – Medium speed • Allegro – Fast tempo • Presto – Very fast

Melody • The main part of the song that can be hummed by the listener

Harmony • Two or more notes sounded together

Form • The way the music is organized – Overture • Introduction for operas and ballets

Types of Forms • AB – 2 contrasting sections • ABA – 2 contrasting sections that repeats back to the 1 st section • Call and Response – One group performs and another group echoes

Timbre • The unique characteristic of sound • VOCAL TIMBRES – Soprano • High Female Voice – Alto • Low Female Voice – Tenor • High Male Voice – Bass • Low Male Voice

INSTRUMENT FAMILIES • Woodwind – Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Oboe, Bassoon • Brass – Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba • String – Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Guitar • Percussion – Drums, Xylophone, Tambourine, Cymbals

Dynamics • The loudness or softness of music • • • Pianissimo (pp) Piano (p) Mezzo Piano (mp) Mezzo Forte (mf) Forte (f) Fortissimo (ff) Very Soft Moderately Loud Very Loud

Music Symbols • Staff • Treble Clef • Bass Clef

Baroque Period • Important Composers – George Frederic Handel • Known for oratorios (“The Messiah”) – Johann Sebastian Bach • Cantatas for his church services

Classical Period • Important Composers – Franz Josef Haydn • “The father of the Symphony” – Ludwig Van Beethoven • Most well known is his “ 5 th Symphony”

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • A child prodigy • Wrote many symphonies and operas

Romantic Period • Important Composers – Richard Wagner • Known for his operas • Ride of the Valkyries • The Flying Dutchman – Peter Tchaikovsky • Known for his ballets • The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, Romeo & Juliet

Modern Period • Jazz Music – Combines spirituals, blues, and improvisation to create a new and unique style • Improvisation – To create music spontaneously (“on the spot”)

Purposes of Music • Ceremonial – Music for ceremonies and rituals – Star Spangled Banner, Wedding March • Artistic – Music used to express emotion – Ballet Music • Recreational – Music for Fun – Dance Music