BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE ARTS ARTS ALL ARTS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE ARTS

ARTS • ALL ARTS have certain elements in common: rhythm, line, medium, structure, style and color • Architecture has no subject UNLESS defined with the terms: church, dwelling and factory. • Music has NO SUBJECT • It HAS its own VOCABULARY. “pretty” and “beautiful” AREN’T MEANINGFUL in Arts. “empathy” or “feeling with” is already OVERWORKED

q. However, artists began to DISTORT REALITY in late 19 th century… v Henry Moore’s “Family group” v Zorach’s “Spirit of Dance” v Piet Mondrian’s “Straight Lines” v Zorach’s “Still Life with Fruit and Guitar”

Henry Moore’s “Family group”

Zorach’s “Spirit of Dance”

Piet Mondrian’s “Straight Lines”

v. Zorach’s “Still Life with Fruit and Guitar”

ELEMENTS OF THE FINE ARTS 1. Subject -provides the answer to WHAT is the painting or the sculpture ABOUT? -architecture has no specific subject although architectural ends are sometimes with bit of sculpture. v Caryatids of the Erechtheum in Athens or v Gargogyles on Gothic churches

v. Gargogyles on Gothic churches Caryatids of the Erechtheum in Athens

2. Medium -materials w/c an artist uses.

FRESCO - pigment is mixed with water and applied to wet plaster.

Giotto in the Arena Chapel in Padua Raphael’s “Stanze” in the Vatican

Michelangelo in Sistine Chapel Piero della Francesca in the Church of San Francesco in Arezzo

TEMPERA - pigment is mixed with EGG and applied to smooth surface

Simone Martini’s “Annunciation”

OIL -applied on canvas or prepared wood panel

Van Dyck’s portrait Van Gogh’s “Starry Night”

WATER COLOR -pigment is mixed w/ water and applied to white paper

Winslow Iomer’s “Sloop Bermuda” John Marin’s “Boat Off Deer Isle”

MATERIALS USED IN SCULPTURE -Stone -Wood -Metal - Marble - Junk

Marble - has always been the favorite material in countries. - because of it's hardness, it has great permanence, but when polished to a high gloss it looks soft and yielding. Metals - Bronze has always been the favorite from the early Greek KOUROS (boy) down to the modern Picasso and Henry Moore. Michelangelo's "Pieta"

Materials Used in Architects Marble - Churches, buildings, and country villas of the Renaissance merchant princes in Italy.

Pazzuolia - an abundance of reddish clay out of which roof tiles are made. Brick - generally used for dwellings in low-lying countries. Wood - used by americans.

Line -shaped of a work of art. Three kinds of Line (w/pic) 1. Horizontal - in repose. 2. 2. Vertical - in repose. 3. 3. Diagonal - lines of action.

George Inness' "Lackawanna Valley" Velasquez' "Surrender of Breda"

Color - the decorative element in painting. Properties of color: Hue-name given to a color Intensity-vividness of the color Value-the amount of white or black in the hue and intensity or brightness.

Monochromatic - when value and intensity are in low key, all the colors tend toward gray and brown. Polychromatic - when value and intensity are high and all the colors strongly opposed.

Raphael's "Madonna. Of the Chair" *Tintoretto's "Last Supper"

Warm Colors - red, orange, yellow - which tend to advance, are stimulating. Cool Colors -green, blue - which tend to recede, are restful.

TEXTURE The term texture refers to the way two objects feel to the touch. He must make an object look the way it would feel if we could touch it. The painters of the low countries were adept at painting texture.

THE RECORD STATED THAT HIS PORTRAIT OF THE HENRY VIII WAS "LIFE SIZE, SO WELL THAT EVERYONE WHO LOOKS IS ASTONISHED, SINCE IT SEEMS TO LIVE, AS IF IT MOVED ITS HEAD AND LIMBS. "

. THE PAINTING ALSO DEPICTS HIM WITH CARNATIONS, AT THAT TIME SYMBOLIZING HIS ENGAGEMENT. ALSO, A PLAQUE DEPICTED OVER HIS HEAD IDENTIFIES HIM, AND STATES THAT IT SHOWS HIM IN HIS 34 TH YEAR, IN 1532. HE IS HOLDING A LETTER HE RECEIVED FROM HIS BROTHER, WRITTEN IN MIDDLE SAXON (“MIDDLE LOW GERMAN”): “DEM ERSZAMEN/JORGEN GISZE TO LUNDEN/IN ENGELANT MYNEM/BRODER TO HANDEN” (“TO BE HANDED TO MY BROTHER, THE HONOURABLE JORGEN GISZE AT LONDON IN ENGLAND”). A MISALIGNED SET OF SCALES AND THE PLACING OF A VASE OF FLOWERS TOO CLOSE TO THE EDGE OF THE TABLE ARE SUGGESTIVE OF THE INSTABILITY OF THE WORLD AND OUR PLACE WITHIN IT.

VOLUME The term volume refers to solidity or thickness. The sculptur is concerned with volume because his figures actually occupy space and are observed from any direction depending on where the beholder stands. To the painter, volume is an illusion.

VAN GOGH’S “BEDROOM AT ARLES”

ACROBAT BY PABLO PICASSO

PERSPECTIVE To get depth or distance, an artist uses perspective, both linear and aerial. Linear Perspective we mean that objects become smaller as they recede into the distance. AERIAL Perspective we mean that objects become fainter, in the distance due to the efect of the atmosphere.

LAST SUPPER BY LEONARDO DA VINCI

SCHOOL OF ATHENS BY RAPHAEL

MANTEGNA’S PIETA

FORM The term form applies to the overall design of a work art. When the elements of painting are containedwithin the frame and lead the eye back into the picture, it is said “closed form”. Conversely, if parts of figures are cut off by the frame and we feel that the action extends out of the picture, it is said to be in “open form”.

STYLE Every artist has a personal style which is the result of his temperament, outlook on life, and training. He tends to repeat certain stylisms that he has found effective.

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

Music is a highly versatile art that originates in nature, and has been taken up by mankind as a way of expression and also as an art. Music and its elements were initially taken up by man from sounds in nature, like the chirping of birds or blowing of the wind. Today, music has become an inclusive aspect. There exist countless numbers of genres and sub-genres that are unraveled frequently.

• Melody - It refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. it is the memorable tune created by playing a succession or series of pitches. “Levels” by Aviici • Dynamics - Dynamics are abbreviations or symbols used to signify the degree of loudness or softness of a piece of music. It also indicates whethere is a change in volume. “Spanish Sahara” by the band Foals

• Rhythm - It may be defined as the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music. Roger Kamien in his book Music: An Appreciation defines rhythm as "the particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music. " Rhythm is shaped by meter; it has certain elements such as beat and tempo. “Come in Naso” by Pink Floyd

HARMONY - the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones results in harmony. This is also the musical third dimension loosely analogous to depth in painting. • Counterpoint or polyphony - this harmony was achieved by having two or more melodies sung or played against each other. • Tonality - equal temperant • Polytonality – using several keys simultaneously • Atonality – having no key feeling

TEXTURE – it refers to the number of tones we are asked to apprehend simultaneously. FORM – is a necessary to a work of music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a dressmaker. COLOR – the result of the difference in timbre (quality of tone) in the various instruments and voices. STYLE – applies equally to musical style.