An Age of Ideologies LEARNING TARGET I can

An Age of Ideologies LEARNING TARGET: I can compare the competing ideologies of 19 th century Europe.

�After the French Revolution and the Age of Napoleon, there were different ideas and beliefs about what direction society should go in. �Conservatives �Liberals �Nationalists

�Conservatives: Think Metternich at the Congress of Vienna. ◦ Wanted to preserve the “old order” ◦ Stressed: �Tradition (traditional social hierarchy) �Hereditary monarchy (divine right) �Landowning aristocracy �An official church (remember, Enlightenment thinkers were deists. ) �Mercantilist economy �Wanted to maintain status quo or only SLOW change CONSERVATISM

Prince Clemens von Metternich, Austrian foreign minister, leader at Congress of Vienna

�Liberals: Think John Locke and other Enlightenment philosophers (mostly bourgeoisie) ◦ Were inspired by the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions. ◦ Principal Ideas: Liberty and Equality ◦ Wanted: �representative government (written constitutions, separation of powers) �Freedom of speech, press, etc… �Laissez faire economics (capitalism) LIBERALISM

John Locke, English Philosopher

�In the 1800 s, Europe had several empires that included many diverse nationalities. ◦ Austrian Empire ◦ Russian Empire ◦ Ottoman Empire �EX: Austrian Empire: Germans (dominant, but only made up ¼ of the population; Hungarians, Czechs, Italians, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Romanians, etc… ◦ Nationalism was based on the belief that each group of people has its own cultural identity/unity and should have their own state. NATIONALISM

Europe, 1815

�Which of the ideologies we discussed today represented change? �How did Napoleon’s empire building contribute to feelings of nationalism in Europe? �Can you predict the impact nationalism has had on history? Critical Thinking Questions

�Rebellion erupted in the Balkan Peninsula – Southeastern Europe �The Ottoman Empire had ruled over several religious/ethnic groups for 300 years ◦ 1. ) Serbs - won autonomy in 1830 �Russia helped them. Why? Common Slavic language and Christian Orthodox religion ◦ 2. ) Greeks – gained independence in 1830 ◦ 3. ) Other revolts in Spain, Portugal, and Italy were crushed by France and Austria. Central Europe Challenges the Old Order