America Comes of Age 1890 1920 Lesson 5

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 5 American Influence Grows

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 5 American Influence Grows Learning Objectives • • • Identify the key factors that caused Americans to want to take a greater role overseas. Explain how the United States took its first steps toward the position of a world power. Evaluate the acquisition of Hawaii by the United States.

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 5 American Influence Grows Key Terms • • imperialism extractive economies Alfred T. Mahan Social Darwinism, Frederick Jackson Turner Matthew Perry Queen Liluokalani Sanford B. Dole

America on the World Stage For most of its early history, America played a small role in world affairs, mostly by choice. But in the late 1800 s, this began to change. With leading spokesmen calling for the United States to join the ranks of the world’s major powers, the United States began to acquire influence and territories outside its continental borders. The United States was abandoning isolationism and emerging as a new power on the global stage.

America on the World Stage • • • Economic Causes of Imperialism Alfred T. Mahan Stresses U. S. Military Strength Social Darwinism, Missionaries, and National Superiority

America on the World Stage Imperialism – the policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories � Europe doing it – if we want to keep up, we have to also � ◦ Doesn’t fit with American Ideals – Independence Need raw materials to be powerful – manufacturing � Extractive economies – imperial country removed raw materials from colonies and shipped them home � US has plenty of raw materials – need a place to sell our goods � Alfred T. Mahan – wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Great nations had great navies, if we want to be great we need a great navy. � ◦ Need foreign bases for navy – Imperialism ◦ 1900, 3 rd largest Navy in world ◦ Henry Cabot Lodge – supporter of Navy

Social Darwinism, Missionaries, and National Superiority �Used racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify taking colonies. �Social Darwinism – life consists of the strongest surviving ◦ Powerful nations destined to rule over inferior people �Need to spread Christianity to lesser races �Frederick Jackson Turner – frontier closed so Americans need to look abroad – siphons off potential discontent.

America on the World Stage Analyze Information How did the process of U. S. expansion change over time?

America on the World Stage Analyze Maps What can you conclude from the map about the differences between the goals of European imperialism and U. S. expansionism?

America on the World Stage The USS Brooklyn played a substantial role in American naval operations in the Caribbean Sea and in Asia. U. S. leaders believed in the value of a strong military during the late 1800 s.

America Begins to Expand Beginning in the mid-1800 s, with little fanfare, America focused more and more on expanding its trade and acquiring new territories. One of America’s first moves toward world power came before the Civil War.

America Begins to Expand • • • American Expansionism in the Pacific Begins The Klondike Gold Rush American Expansionism in Latin America

American Begin to Expand � 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry opens up Japan to US trade ◦ Japan wanted to modernize �US took Midway Island got a base in Hawaii – called Pearl Harbor. �Seward’s Folly – Sec of State William Seward bought Alaska – made fun of – icebox ◦ Alaska full of timber, oil, and other natural resources ◦ Klondike Gold Rush – discovered gold in Alaska �Built Highway to South America �Got the British to back down over Venezuela

America Begins to Expand A Japanese print shows Commodore Matthew Perry meeting Japanese officials. By opening access to Japanese markets, Perry helped expand U. S. power abroad.

America Begins to Expand Analyze Maps For what purposes did the United States probably seek to secure influence in the Pacific?

The Acquisition of Hawaii By the 1890 s, the Hawaiian Islands had been economically linked to the United States for almost a century. Since the 1790 s, American merchant ships had stopped at Hawaii on their way to East Asia. Missionaries had established Christian churches and schools on the islands. Americans had also established sugar cane plantations there. In 1887, American planters convinced King Kalakaua (kah LAH kah oo ah) to amend Hawaii's constitution so that voting rights were limited to only wealthy landowners, who were, of course, the white planters.

The Acquisition of Hawaii • • Influence of Dole and Other Americans in Hawaii The United States Annexes Hawaii

The Acquisition of Hawaii �US had been influencing Hawaii since 1790. � 1891, Queen Liluokalani wanted Hawaii to become more independent � 1893, wealthy planters overthrew the Queen with US marine help (no permission) �Sanford B. Dole became Hawaii’s leader – son of missionaries ◦ Dole fruit company �Princess Kaʻiulani – left school in Europe and met with President Cleveland – he supported her. ◦ With her death in 1899 President Mc. Kinley officially annexed Hawaii. ◦ President Clinton formally apologized

The Acquisition of Hawaii In Hawaii, American owners of sugar plantations, such as this one, exerted broad and increasing influence over local affairs.

Quiz: America on the World Stage Why was the United States less concerned with developing extractive economies than European empires were? A. The United States could import raw materials to stimulate the domestic economy. B. The United States government discouraged the development of extractive economies. C. The United States already had a significant supply of raw materials for manufacturing. D. The United States faced a shortage of manufactured goods because of trade deficits.

Quiz: America Begins to Expand What impact did Matthew Perry have on American foreign relations? A. B. C. D. He expanded the U. S. presence in the Pacific by purchasing Alaska. He won the favor of Hawaiian leaders by presenting them with gifts. He paved the way for the construction of the Pan-American Highway. He negotiated a treaty that allowed the United States to trade with Japan.

Quiz: The Acquisition of Hawaii Why did President Cleveland refuse to sign a treaty to annex Hawaii? A. B. C. D. He failed to get approval from the U. S. Senate for the treaty. He learned that most Hawaiians did not approve of the treaty. He concluded that the annexation would harm the U. S. economy. He feared that annexation would cause conflict with Hawaiians.