America Comes of Age 1890 1920 Lesson 2

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 2 Women Gain Rights

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 2 Women Gain Rights Learning Objectives • • • Analyze actions taken by women to address social issues affecting workers and families. Explain actions taken during the Progressive era to expand opportunities for women, including the right to vote. Evaluate the tactics reform leaders used to win passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

America Comes of Age (1890 -1920) Lesson 2 Women Gain Rights Key Terms • • • Florence Kelley National Consumers League (NCL), temperance movement Frances Willard suffrage Margaret Sanger Ida B. Wells Susan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman Catt National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Alice Paul, Nineteenth Amendment,

Expanding Opportunities for Women In the early 1900 s, a growing number of women were no longer content to have a limited role in society. Women activists helped bring about Progressive reforms and won the right to vote. In the years ahead, women would continue the struggle to expand their roles and rights.

Expanding Opportunities for Women • • • Economic and Social Issues for Women Addressing Economic Issues Women Address Social Issues

Expanding Opportunities for Women Analyze Graphs In what decade did the number of women enrolled in institutions of higher education increase the most? What do you think spurred this change?

� 1900 1/3 of college kids were women � Armed with education – tackle social problems � Because women couldn’t vote – not much to do about issues (long work hours, husband gets money) � Muller v. Oregon – 10 hours a day work women � Temperance movement – help keep mothers families healthy and safe � Suffrage – right to work � Margaret Sanger – believed women’s health would improve if mothers had fewer children � Jailed � Opened country’s first birth control clinic

Expanding Opportunities for Women Like their male counterparts, women workers, like these women in a cigar factory near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, struggled with unpleasant and sometimes unhealthy working conditions.

Women Seek Equal Political Rights One of the boldest goals of Progressive women was suffrage. They argued that women participating in the democratic process through voting was the only way to make sure that the government would protect children, foster education, and support family life. As Jane Addams explained, women needed the vote because political issues reached inside people’s homes.

Women Seek Equal Political Rights • • The Early Fight for a Constitutional Amendment Women Lobby for Expanded Rights Activists Use Nonviolent Protests The Nineteenth Amendment Expands Political Rights

Women Seek Equal Political Rights In 1869, Susan B. Anthony (shown here) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton created the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) to continue the fight for women’s suffrage. NWSA later merged with another organization to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

� Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton early pioneers in Women’s Suffrage � 1872, Anthony arrested for voting � By 1906 (Anthony’s Death), only 4 Western States gave women the right to vote. � Carrie Chapman Catt became leader of the NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association). Came up with a two prong attack – lobby Congress for a Constitutional Amendment and use the referendum on the state level �Referendums passed in NY, MI, OK

� � � Jane Addams linked suffrage to other ills of society – got more women support Alice Paul and the NWP (National Women Party) a little more in your face � Protested the White House (arrested) � Hunger strikes in jail � Turned women off Wilson said WWI should make the world “safe for Democracy” ? ? Russian envoy visits DC, over through the monarch and established a democracy – they let women vote. � Protested the envoy with a banner – embarrassed Wilson � “US not a democracy” August 18 th, 1920 – Tennessee by one vote passed Amendment to give women the right to vote That November – women voted for the first time

Women Seek Equal Political Rights Hypothesize Why would an organization such as NAOWS oppose woman suffrage?

Women Seek Equal Political Rights Analyze Maps In which region of the United States did the majority of states achieve full suffrage for women before the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

Quiz: Expanding Opportunities for Women What was the purpose of the National Consumers League? A. B. C. D. to discourage the production and sale of alcohol to label products made under good working conditions to unite upper-class and working-class women as leaders to increase consumption in order to boost the economy

Quiz: Women Seek Equal Political Rights Why did Suffragists criticize President Wilson for declaring, “the world must be made safe for democracy”? A. They did not believe that the president could achieve such a lofty goal. B. They did not believe that democracy could be a successful system of government. C. They did not think that aiding foreign countries should be a priority of the United States. D. They did not think that the United States could be a true democracy until women could vote.