Alexander the Great and his empire Peloponnesian War

Alexander the Great ……and his empire

Peloponnesian War GREECE AT THE PERIOD

Delian League Peloponnesian League � 150 � Spartan members � Athens seemed to have power formed ◦ Members feared the democracy of Athens ◦ Used money to rebuild Athens Peloponnesian War

War-431 B. C. �Athens-No trade with Megara, Peloponnesian League ◦ Sparta became angry ◦ Siege of Athens �Food by sea ◦ Disease! �Sparta go back

War……Continued �War continued ◦ Athens attacked Sicily through navy power �Sparta seemed defeat �Sparta won victory �Truce, stop war (421 B. C. )

War……Continued Again �War again ◦ Athens lost power at the war of Sicily ◦ Persia helped Sparta ◦ After all, Sparta attacked Athens �Athens couldn’t get food from navy �Athens Surrender

Result �Athens had to give up its democracy �This war hurt all the city-states ◦ Macedonia, north of Greece

Alexander the Great MACEDONIA

History �Part of Persia ◦ Independence at Xerxes loss on Greece

Alexander’s horse �His dad, King Philip II was angry of one black stallion ◦ King Philip thought it couldn’t be tamed ◦ Alexander felt the horse was good �Alexander calms the horse �Named him Bucephalus �Used the horse to conquer

Macedonian Army �Phalanx ◦ Protecting each other �Could turn �Had longer pike than Greek phalanx

Steps of conquering Greece Won loyalty with diplomacy II. King Philip II conquers Thebes and Athens I.

King Philip’s goal was to conquer Persia. King Philip was murdered before he could actually attack.

Thebes Rebel when Philip die. Alexander was already military leader, so Alexander could end their attack quickly.

Prophecy �There was very complicated knot (Gordian knot) ◦ Prophecy says that person who broke the knot will conquer the world �Alexander fails with hand at first – uses knife and succeed �Alexander the Great conquered the world

Having an empire �Alexander freed Ionian city-state, Egypt from Persia ◦ Egypt welcomed Alexander ◦ Had the biggest empire ever, until then, only in 11 years �Alexander died in 323 B. C. , less than 33

Result of Alexander the Great’s Empire

Declined Empire �Alexander’s son – too young to rule ◦ Alexander’s general divided into kingdoms �Egypt, ruled by Ptolemy �Cleopatra was the last member of Ptolemy

Hellenistic �Greek-like ◦ Comes from Greek word for themselves, Hellenes ◦ From Alexander’s time to 30 B. C. �Alexander’s Empire allowed Greek customs to go to India

Alexandria, Egypt �There was library ◦ 500, 000 book rolls �Septuagint, translation of Hebrew Bible �Euclid, author of geometry book, “Elements” �Archimedes, founder of Archimedean Screw �Used to lift water for swamp �Archimedes also found important things of math

Greco-Roman �As stated before, Greek Culture spread during Alexander’s Empire ◦ Greece influenced Rome ◦ Greek & Roman culture = Greco-Roman /classical civilization