8 2 Mosses Hornworts and Liverworts 8 3

Nonvascular Plants • All nonvascular plants are low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue. •

Nonvascular Plants • These plants cannot grow very wide or tall; nonvascular plants are

Nonvascular Plants • lack roots, must obtain water and minerals directly from surroundings •

Mosses • most diverse group of nonvascular plants • Have structures that LOOK like

Mosses • Don’t have roots, but thin root-like structures called rhizoids anchor the moss

Liverworts and Hornworts • Liverworts are named for the shape of the plant’s body,

Liverworts and Hornworts • found growing on moist rocks or soil along the sides

Liverworts and Hornworts • The hornlike sporophytes give these plants their names. • live

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns and their relatives have vascular tissue and

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular tissue transports water and food quickly and

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails still need to

Ferns • Ferns have true stems, roots, and leaves. • Roots are structures that

Ferns • The fern’s leaves are called fronds. • developing leaves are coiled at

Ferns • On the underside of mature fronds, spores develop in tiny spore cases

Club Mosses and Horsetails • Club mosses and horsetails have true leaves, stems, and

Club Mosses and Horsetails • The stems of horsetails are jointed. Long, coarse, needlelike

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8. 2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts 8. 3 Ferns and their Relatives

Nonvascular Plants • All nonvascular plants are low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue. • Vascular tissue is a system of tube like structures that transport water and other materials.

Nonvascular Plants • These plants cannot grow very wide or tall; nonvascular plants are small and grow low to the ground. Moss Gametophyte Moss Sporophyte

Nonvascular Plants • lack roots, must obtain water and minerals directly from surroundings • live where water is plentiful • even nonvascular plants that live in drier areas need enough water for reproduction.

Mosses • most diverse group of nonvascular plants • Have structures that LOOK like leaves and stems (but they aren’t!)

Mosses • Don’t have roots, but thin root-like structures called rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Liverworts and Hornworts • Liverworts are named for the shape of the plant’s body, which looks somewhat like a human liver.

Liverworts and Hornworts • found growing on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream. Most grow flat along the ground

Liverworts and Hornworts • The hornlike sporophytes give these plants their names. • live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants.

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns and their relatives have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce. • Vascular plants are better suited to life on land than are nonvascular plants.

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular tissue transports water and food quickly and efficiently throughout the plant’s body. • strengthens the plant’s body

Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails still need to grow in moist surroundings because they use spores for reproduction.

Ferns • Ferns have true stems, roots, and leaves. • Roots are structures that anchor the fern to the ground absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Ferns • The fern’s leaves are called fronds. • developing leaves are coiled at first and they resemble the top of a violin, so they are often called fiddleheads.

Ferns • On the underside of mature fronds, spores develop in tiny spore cases called sori.

Club Mosses and Horsetails • Club mosses and horsetails have true leaves, stems, and roots. • few species survive today

Club Mosses and Horsetails • The stems of horsetails are jointed. Long, coarse, needlelike branches grow in a circle around each joint.