6 th THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Chapter 3 Section

6 th THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Chapter 3 Section 1, 2 and 3 1

When the Colonies were Founded ►Virginia (1607) ►Massachusetts (1620) ►New York (1626) ►Maryland (1633) ►Rhode Island (1636) ►Connecticut (1636) ►Delaware (1638) ►New Hampshire (1638) ►North Carolina (1653) ►South Carolina (1663) ►New Jersey (1664) ►Pennsylvania (1682) ►Georgia (1732) 2

The New England Colonies ►Massachusetts ►Rhode Island ►Connecticut ►New Hampshire 3

The Middle Colonies ►New York ►Delaware ►New Jersey ►Pennsylvania 4

The Southern Colonies ►Virginia ►Maryland ►North Carolina ►South Carolina ►Georgia 5

Massachusetts ►Founded by John Winthrop ►Great for fishing, growing corn, and raising livestock. ►Great place for lumbering and shipbuilding. ► 1630 -more than 15, 000 Puritans journeyed to Mass. To escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England. This is known as the GREAT MIGRATION! ►Puritans had little tolerance (respecting others views) of those that had different religious views from them. 6

Connecticut ►Founded by Thomas Hooker ►Great land for growing wheat and corn and for catching fish. ►They adopted the first written constitution in America—Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. 7

Rhode Island 6 th ►Settled by Roger Williams. ►Rhode Island was a great place for raising livestock, dairy, and fishing. ►It was also a good area for lumbering. ►Williams purchased the land from the Narraganset Indians because he felt they should be paid for the land on which they lived. ►Religious freedom was allowed. 8

New Hampshire ►Founded by John Wheelwright. ►Great place to manufacture textiles and for shipbuilding. ►It also, had good land for growing potatoes and the water surrounding it was great for fishing. ►Allowed religious freedom. 9

►Founded by the Dutch West India Company and was known as “New Netherland. ” ►English ships sailed into harbor and took control, renaming it New York (Named for Duke of York). ►Area was great for shipbuilding and iron works. ►Also, a good place to grow grain, and to raise cattle. ►Very diverse population. Dutch, Germans, Swedes, Native Americans, enslaved Africans New York 10

Delaware ►Originally settled by the Swedes, then England took control in 1664. ►Great area for fishing and lumbering. ►Named for the Delaware tribe and an early governor of Virginia, “Lord de la Warr. ” 11

New Jersey ►Originally settled by the Dutch, but in 1644 it was taken over by England. ►Great place for ironworking and lumbering. ►Allowed freedom of religion, trial by jury and representative assembly. ►Diverse population just like New York 12

Pennsylvania ◦ King Charles II owed William Penn’s father money. Father passed away then land was granted to William Penn by Charles II in 1681 for the debt the king owed Penn’s father. ◦ Great place to grow and raise wheat, corn, cattle, and dairy. 13

Pennsylvania ►Also known as a place for papermaking, shipbuilding, and textiles. ►Penn belonged to Quakers-they believed in toleration & equality. They would not take off their hats to lords or bow to ladies b/c they felt all were equal. ►Quakers were Pacifists, which means they refuse to fight in wars. ◦ 5 th 14

Virginia ►Founded by John Smith. ►Great place to grow tobacco, wheat, and corn. ►The governor told the Native Americans if they would give the colonists a large piece of land then they would not push any farther west into the Indians lands. 15

Maryland ►Founded by George Calvert who wanted a safe place for Catholics to live/worship. ►Great land to grow corn, wheat. ►Also a good place for shipbuilding and iron works. ►Calvert family & Penn family argued about the boundary between Maryland /Penns. 1760 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were hired to map the line dividing the 2 colonies…The Mason Dixon Line. 16

North Carolina ►Settled by 8 aristocrats ►Began as one large colony, but eventually was divided into North/South due to separate ways of doing things. ►Great place to grow tobacco and forest products such as tar & timber. ► 1 st 17

South Carolina ►Originally part of the Carolina Colony. ►Had great land for growing indigo (called the Blue Gold) & tobacco. ►Rice became the leading crop ►Many enslaved Africans worked in rice fields 18

Georgia ►Founded by James Oglethorpe. ►Great land for growing indigo, rice, and sugar. ►Founded for poor people wanting to make a fresh start & for debtors. ►British Gov wanted Georgia to be created so the colony could protect the other British colonies from attack by the Spanish who owned Florida. 19

Geography and Climate New England Colonies The climate was colder than the other two colonial regions because they were the farthest north. They had cold, hard winters and warm, mild summers. The climate was a positive factor because it prevented the spread of life-threatening diseases. The negative factor for the colonist was the severe winters killed many people. The geography was mostly hills with rocky soil. They had a few good areas for farms. 20

Geography and Climate New England Colonies ◦Geography: The geography of the New England Colonies had rocky ground with mostly thin topsoil. Many areas were not well suited to faming because of the rocky terrain. It had some rocky soil and some good soil for growing crops. 21

Social Life in the New England Colonies ◦Religion The main function of New England towns was to support the religion of the Puritans. ◦Religious freedom in Puritan colonies did not exist. They did not tolerate other religions very well. 22

Politics in the New England Colonies ◦Puritans built meeting houses in the center of their towns. These were used as churches and town meetings. All men who were church members and property owners could speak and vote at town meetings. 23

Geography and Climate in the Middle Colonies The geography was similar to New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. They had some rocky, hilly areas and many flat, farmable areas. The Middle Colonies became know as the “Bread Basket” because of the ability to grow food. 24

◦They were also called the “Bread Basket” because of all the grains ◦( wheat, oats, barley and rye) that were grown in the Middle Colonies. 25

Geography and Climate in the Middle Colonies ◦The climate was mild. They had cold winters that did not last as long as the New England Colonies and the summers were hotter, but not as hot as the Southern Colonies. 26

Social Life in the Middle Colonies ◦ The middle colonies were full of diversity in religion and culture from the very beginning. Pennsylvania was known to welcome Quakers and let the world see all of their ideas. They welcomed all people of any religion. Because of this Pennsylvania had a religious tolerance. Many of the Middle Colonies were tolerant. 27

Politics and Civic Life in the Middle Colonies ◦By the early 18 th century the middle colonies had developed societies that valued religious liberty, freedom of conscious, and representative government. 28

Geography and Climate of the Southern Colonies ◦ Much of the Southern Colonies were located along the Atlantic Coastal Plain which allowed for the soil to be fertile. The geography of the Southern Colonies featured fertile soil, hilly coastal plains, forests, long rivers and swamp areas ◦ Climate: Warmest of the three regions, winters were not difficult to survive, but the hot and humid summers gave rise to the spread of disease. The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations. They had mild winters. 29

Social Life in the Southern Colonies ◦ The Southern Colonies were not dominated by a single religion which gave way to more liberal attitudes and some religious freedom. There were predominantly Anglicans and Baptists in the Southern region and Colonies. There were some very wealthy plantation owners, but there were more poor farmers in the south than any of the other colonies. 5 th 30

Southern Colonies Politics/Civics All of the systems of government in the Southern Colonies elected their own legislature. They were all democratic, all had a governor, governor's court, and a court system. The systems of Government in the Southern Colonies were either Royal or Proprietary. Definitions of both of the government systems are as follows: Royal Government: The Royal Colonies were ruled directly by the English monarchy Proprietary Government: The King granted land to people in North America, who then formed Proprietary Colonies. 31

Students will Know… ►The Original Thirteen Colonies and be able to label them on a map ►When each colony was founded ►The major crops/industry the colony was known for 32