Chapter 1 Section 3 Early British Colonies Beginning

Chapter 1, Section 3: Early British Colonies Beginning in the early 1600 s, the English established colonies along the eastern shore of North America. Opening Activity: In a paragraph write about if you were able to create an ideal community, what features would it have? How would you handle dissenters? CA Social Science Content Standards: 11. 1. 1, 11. 3. 1

Taking Notes Directions: In the chart below, identify the effects of each of the causes listed. Cause Effect Virginia colonists need labor to grow tobacco Puritans are persecuted in England William Penn acquires Pennsylvania Parliament passes the Navigation Acts Define the following terms: John Smith Jamestown joint-stock companies indentured servants Puritan John Winthrop King Philip’s War William Penn Quaker mercantilism Navigation Acts

I. The English Settle at Jamestown A. A Disastrous Start -In 1607 the English establish Jamestown, a colony in North America. -Groups of investors who hope to profit form joint-stock companies. -Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and famine. -John Smith forces colonists to farm; gets help from Powhatans.

B. Tobacco Requires a Supply of Labor -Indentured servants—pay for food, housing, and passage with labor. -Indentured servants and slaves provide labor for tobacco growth—tobacco being the main reason for slave imports.

C. Colonists Clash with Native Americans -Colonists’ demand for land leads to warfare with Native Americans. -Colonists defeat Native Americans, force them off their land.

D. Economic Differences Split Virginia -Poor, former indentured servants demand legislative representation. -1676 uprising, called Bacon’s Rebellion, fails—rebellion over colonial government’s lack of protection from Susquehannock raids on their farms.

II. Puritans Create a “New England” A. Puritans -Puritans want to rid Church of England of Catholic rituals— are persecuted in England. -In 1620 a Separatist group, the Pilgrims, found colony at Plymouth. Video Clip: Pilgrims

B. The Massachusetts Bay Colony -Puritans found colony in Massachusetts Bay, centered in Boston. -John Winthrop, a Puritan leader, wants to create “City upon a Hill”—create a moral society.

C. Dissent in the Puritan Community -Roger Williams flees to Rhode Island for religious freedom. -Anne Hutchinson banished for speaking against church—one doesn’t need the church to interpret the Bible.

D. Native Americans Resist Colonial Expansion -Native Americans help settler survive in new environment. -Disputes between Native Americans and Puritans over land, religion.

E. King Philip’s War -Tensions between natives and colonists grow for 40 years. -In 1675 chief Metacom (King Philip) leads several tribes in King Philip’s War. -Native Americans surrender due to casualties, disease, and famine.

III. Settlement in the Middle Colonies A. The Dutch Found New Netherland -Dutch set up New Amsterdam as center of fur-trading colony (1625). -Dutch take over New Sweden on the Delaware River (1655). -British duke of York takes colony, renames New York (1664).

New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships

B. The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania -William Penn, a Quaker, founds Pennsylvania (“Penn’s Woods”) on Quaker principles—land given to him by King Charles II to pay a debt to Penn’s father. -Quakers, the Society of Friends, are pacifist Protestants who: *Worship without formal ministers. *Believe in equality, cooperation, religious toleration.

IV. England Its Colonies Prosper A. Thirteen Colonies -From the 1600 s to 1700 s, thirteen British colonies are established. -Georgia is founded as a debtor haven, crown assumes control in 1752. -Colonies export raw materials, Britain manufactures goods.

B. Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts -Mercantilism—economic system to make a nation self-sufficient in two ways: *Obtain more gold and silver. *Establishing a favorable system of trade: sell more than one buys. -British pass Navigation Acts in 1651 to control colonial trade— benefited England shipbuilding industry: *All colonial trade must be shipped in colonial or British ships. *All trade ships must have ¾ of crew English or colonial. *Tobacco, sugar, rice, molasses, and furs only exported to England. *Almost all goods traded in the colonies must pass through English ports.

C. Colonial Governments -Colonies run by a governor, who is appointed by the Crown. -Governor appoints judges, oversees local assembly and colonial trade. -Colonial assemblies pass laws; governors have veto power. D. Growing Spirit of Self-Determination -Colonies want greater political and economic freedom. -Desire for freedom eventually leads to rebellion.

Review Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. William Penn established the Pennsylvania colony to establish a good and fair ______ society. The Massachusetts colony was founded by the ______ for religious reasons. The main economic activity in the Virginia colony was ______. Conflicts with Native Americans, the search for gold, and disease threatened early ________. Colonists desire for more and more land led to many clashes with the __________ is a economic system that is based on obtaining more gold and silver and a favorable balance of trade. Words: Native Americans Jamestown Mercantilism tobacco Puritans Quaker