3 3 General Waste Recycling GENERAL WASTE RECYCLING

3. 3 General Waste Recycling GENERAL WASTE RECYCLING Sources: http: //www. wall-online. net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3 D-Frog-14. jpg, http: //www. proprofs. com/quiz-school/story. php? title=cokes-recycling-quiz_1, http: //www. simcoereformer. ca/2013/10/22/new-trash-rules-exclude-fines Module 3 X 3. 1 Separated Waste Recycling 3. 2 Technical Waste Recycling

Introduction X 19: 11 06 October 2020 Select language Introducti on Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Related document Home Back First Previous Civil Engineering Waste Next Last Recovery of Sludges Slide No 2 Sources: http: //www. willcountygreen. com/initiatives/waste_generation_and_diversion_reporting 1. aspx Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling – Introduction – Contents

Contents Introduction Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste • • Municipal Waste Bio-degradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges X 19: 11 06 October 2020 Select language Home Back First Previous Next Last Recovery of Sludges Slide No 3 Sources: http: //www. flickr. com/photos/lumaxart/2137734236/ Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling – Introduction – Contents

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Introductio n Municipal Waste 19: 11 06 October 2020 Select language The quantity of Municipal Waste in the EU Contents Home Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Back Generation of municipal waste in the EU and other countries in 2003 and 2010 (kg per capita) First Previous Next Recovery of Sludges Slide No 4 Sources: Last

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 19: 11 06 October 2020 Municipal Waste Select language Introductio n Municipal Waste Classification of municipal waste Waste identifying – 20 02 01 means: • 20 – Municipal waste (waste from households, and similar waste from shops, Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges Home • • industry and institutions) including some items from collection of separated waste. 02 – Waste from gardens and parks (including waste from cemeteries) WASTE 01 – Biologically decom postible waste Classification of waste Other Municipal Back First Previous Next Hazardous Last Slide No 5 Sources: Contents

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Introductio n Municipal Waste 16, 000 14, 000 12, 000 10, 000 8, 000 6, 000 4, 000 2, 000 0 hazardous non-hazardous Recovery of Sludges Select language municipal total Home Back First 2005 561247 8809928 1558263 10929438 2006 535068 12349065 1623306 14507339 2007 525166 8740682 1668648 10934496 2008 523928 9177459 1790691 11492078 Amounts of waste in single categories Previous Next Last Slide No 6 Sources: Civil Engineering Waste (tons) Biodegradable Waste 06 October 2020 The Quantities of Municipal Waste Contents Municipal Waste 19: 11

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 41% 37, 5 % 39, 5 % 445. 38 334. 36 327. 39 311. 56 319. 92 267. 69 256. 95 246. 71 Previous Last šic e aj oh o Ko kr ký šic Ko z t Pr eš ov sk ký ý k kr ra j aj aj ric st Ba ns ko by Žil ky an s tri in sk kr ý k r aj aj kr ky Ni ns čia en Tr Tr n av s ký kr la va j ra ý k isl av sk pu bl aj Next at re First 434. 89 380. 85 Br ká ns ve 450. 67 Home Back 2009 at is 500. 00 450. 00 400. 00 350. 00 300. 00 250. 00 200. 00 150. 00 100. 00 50. 00 2008 ika Amount of municipal waste in the SR per capita in 2011 2007 Br 2006 o 2005 Slo Recovery of Sludges ie 0 Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste zhodnoten total waste 42, 5 % 31, 5 % Slide No 7 Sources: 5, 000 Quantities and percentages of waste recovery material materiálov recovery é 10, 000 oh Municipal Waste Select language 15, 000 z t Contents 06 October 2020 Municipal Waste Amount of municipal waste (kg per capta) Introductio n Waste generation (tons) 1 19: 12

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges Contents Municipal Waste Select language 1. 9 1. 772 1. 8 1. 7 1. 623 1. 809 1. 745 1. 767 Amount of municipal waste generated from 2006 - 2011 1. 669 1. 6 1. 5 2006 2007 2008 2009 Biodegradable Waste 2010 Generation of municipal waste in certain Slovak regions, 2008 First Quantity of municipal waste [t] [%] [kg/capita/year] Bratislava Region 224 335 16, 02 374, 5 Trnava Region 170 900 12, 21 310, 7 Trenčín Region 156 900 11, 21 259, 8 Nitra Region 205 210 14, 66 288, 2 Žilina Region 186 334 13, 31 269, 3 Banská Bystrica Reg. 141 303 10, 09 213, 8 Prešov Region 157 923 11, 28 199, 6 Košice Region 157 127 11, 22 205, 1 1 475 124 100, 00 % TOTAL Home Back 2011 Region Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges 06 October 2020 Previous Next Last Slide No 8 Sources: Introductio n Amount of municipal waste in million kg 1 19: 12

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges Introductio n Municipal Waste 3% 2% 1% 6% 11% Municipal Waste paper glas metal biological degradable waste small demolition waste 69% Biodegradable Waste Select language plastics 5% Contents 06 October 2020 volume waste solid municipal waste other waste The material composition of municipal waste, 2008 Home Back First Previous Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges Municipal Waste Treatment in the SR Municipal waste can be classified according to different criteria: • separated items of waste, • bulky waste, • mixed waste. Next Last Slide No 9 Sources: http: //www. blackearthcompost. com/hauling. php 1 19: 12

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Introductio n Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste 19: 12 06 October 2020 Municipal Waste Select language a) Separated items of waste The European Union prescribes separation of the following items from municipal waste: • paper, glass, plastics, metals, biological waste. The increase in the quantity of items separated from the waste is depicted in figure. Home Back First Previous Civil Engineering Waste Separated waste commodities Papier Sklo Recovered municipal waste per 1 capita: Separated items of municipal waste per 1 capita: Plasty 58 kg 25 kg Kovy BRO Last Slide No 10 Sources: Recovery of Sludges Next

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste b) 06 October 2020 Bulky waste It includes the waste from furniture, and construction waste. Each community is obliged to provide containers for bulky items at least once a year. c) Select language Mixed waste The term covers unsorted municipal waste or residual municipal waste, which remains after sorting out of separated items and then is transported to a dumping site. The fee for dumping is calculated per capita. Home Back First Previous Next Last Recovery of Sludges Landfilled municipal waste in the EÚ, 2007 (click to enlarge) Slide No 11 Sources: http: //www. ci. berkeley. ca. us/climateprogress/ Introductio n Municipal Waste 19: 12

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges 06 October 2020 Select language The recovery of municipal waste The strategy of avoiding waste production and of recovering it is to be followed at every point of the chain which describes spending of this material from the stage of its primary source extraction, through its production processes to the final user (fig. ) In compliance with “The purpose of the waste management policy“ of the law on waste the priorities are the following: • the recovery of waste by recycling, • the utilization of waste as an energy source, • disposal of waste by the method which would not threaten people‘s health and not be harmful to the environment. The formation of waste and the points of a strategy implementation for avoiding its production (click to enlarge) Home Back First The fields for im Tax on raw material Previous Next Last Extraction of raw materials Slide No 12 Primary Sources: Introductio n Municipal Waste 19: 13

X Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 1 Introductio n 19: 13 06 October 2020 Municipal Waste Select language Potential of waste recovery Type of waste Contents Waste Municipal Waste Inorganic Biodegradable Waste Home Organic Back First Processing technology Previous Material Civil Engineering Waste Other Next Output The separating unit for municipal waste Last Secondary raw material Electrical energy Thermal energy Slide No 13 Sources: Recovery of Sludges Energy

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges Introductio n Contents Bio-degradable Waste carbon, tar, gas (CO, CN 4, N 2) acetyline (CO, C 2 H 4, CH 4) combustion thermolysis (450 – 800°C) di mi the of Back First ial ter ma w anaerobic digestion ethanol fermentation % 80 Recovery of Sludges Home CO, H 2 (synthetic gas) gasification (650 – 1200°C) ra forestry, agricultural, municipal waste liquid hydrocarbons (oil) hydrogenation (350 – 600°C) ty PHYTOMASS: pyrolysis (1500°C) Hu Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Select language heat (CO 2, H 2 O, ash) % Potential for using of cellulose-lignin waste as a raw material source for the chemical industry. 15 Municipal Waste 06 October 2020 CH 4 + CO 2 (biogas) C 2 H 5 OH + CO 2 Previous Next Last Slide No 14 Sources: http: //www. sheilazellerinteriors. com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Oscar-the-Grouch-with-Flowers. jpg 2 X 19: 13

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 2 Bio-degradable Waste X 19: 13 06 October 2020 Select language Introductio n Municipal Waste For perfect and efficient composting of required quality the following conditions are to be met: composting material must have enough organic matter and the required nutrients, conditions must be provided for a quality composting process. Home Municipal waste used for composting contains sufficient organic matter, which can be described by its biological degradability as follows: First • • Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges • • easily degradable substances – sugar, starch, proteins; substances with a longer period of degradation – cellulose, fats; highly resistant substances – lignin, creatine; biologically inert substances – leather. Back Previous Next Last Slide No 15 Sources: http: //www. spreadshirt. de/verliebte-raupe-C 4408 A 23579707 Contents

2 X 19: 13 06 October 2020 Bio-degradable Waste Select language Introductio n Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges For a successful biodegradation process of organic waste, it is important that there is an optimal C/N ratio – 30: 1. The components of compostable waste should have different C/N values, as seen in table. An optimal ratio can be achieved by mixing. Material Green waste Straw Hay Manure Leaves Paper Sawdust Bark Fruit C/N 12 -20: 1 70 -80: 1 13 -20: 1 20 -30: 1 40 -80: 1 150 -200: 1 100 -500: 1 100 -130: 1 20 -35: 1 C/N ratios for different waste types Home Back First Previous Next Last Slide No 16 Sources: http: //composteverything. net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/worm-compost-illustration. png, http: //www. de 12 ambachten. nl/eng-greentech/03 -03%20 composting. html Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges

3 Introductio n Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste 2 500 000 Amount of waste [t] Contents Civil Engineering Waste 06 October 2020 Select language Generated waste 2 000 Dumped waste 1 500 000 Utilized waste 1 000 500 0 X 19: 13 1999 2000 2001 2002 Survey of development of construction waste in the Bratislava region (1999 – 2003) Home Back First 2003 Previous Civil Engineering Waste Next Last Recovery of Sludges Slide No 17 Sources: http: //www. edie. net/news/5/Scottish-council-pledges-to-cut-construction-waste/20484/ , http: //www. nabuur. com/en/files/imagecache/Body/image/2009/08/task/Construction+waste. jpg Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 3 Civil Engineering Waste X 19: 14 06 October 2020 Select language Introductio n Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste The department of Manufacturing Technologies at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, STU in Bratislava has solved the problem of recovery of construction waste for the Czech company SETRA, Ltd. The separated sawdust is then used for briquetting for self-consumption. The dust and split is sold to ISO–SPAN Company for production of wood-cement bricks or to company VELOX–WERK Ltd. for production of wood-cement agglomerated board of price CZK 400 – 500 per 1 ton. Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges Home Back First Previous Next Scheme of a mobile disintegration complex (click to enlarge) Last Slide No 18 Sources: Contents

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 3 Civil Engineering Waste X 19: 14 06 October 2020 Select language Introductio n Contents Home Municipal Waste Back Biodegradable Waste First Previous Recovery of Sludges Mobile disintegration complex Wood-cement products: bricks and decking Next Last Slide No 19 Sources: Civil Engineering Waste

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 4 Recovery of Sludges X 19: 14 06 October 2020 Select language Introductio n Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges are formed in the fields of manufacturing and the field of public service utilities. According to the basic classification for evaluating the current state of sludge management, they can be classified in the following way: • sludges which are formed by purging industrial wastewater, • sludges from municipal wastewater purification plants (PP). Home Back First Previous Next Last Slide No 20 Sources: http: //www. worstedwitch. com/2006/09/21/the-sludge-report/ Contents

4 Introductio n Contents Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste Recovery of Sludges X 19: 14 06 October 2020 Select language Purification plants (PP) in Slovakia According to the statistical data of the Ministry of the Environment, in 2010 there were 607 municipal PP with a capacity of approximately 2. 2 million cubic metres per day, and with an actual output of approximately 1. 39 million cubic metres per day, which represents around 63. 2 % of PP capacity. The production of energy in Slovak PPs In general, there are 23 PPs with Biogas Conditioning Unit (BCUs) performing at 5. 4 MWel (ranging from 22 – 1660 k. Wel) in Slovakia. On an average daily basis, 67. 9 MWhel are produced in Slovak PPs, representing only about 12. 4 of a BCU´s operating hours. Home Back First Previous Next Last Slide No 21 Sources: http: //es. sap. info/sap-carbon-impact-bueno-para-los-negocios-bueno-para-el-medio-ambiente/22582 Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges

4 Recovery of Sludges Introductio n Municipal Waste Biodegradable Waste Civil Engineering Waste 06 October 2020 Select language 70 Energetická sebestačnosť (%) Contents Energy independence of municipal purification plants in Slovakia in 2011. X 19: 14 60 50 40 30 Home Back 20 10 First 0 ad ica šov Šaľa nta nec rno len java NV ovo šice nné vice itra rica nica ilina PET rtin ava ČOV e á vo y A D st Ko pr tr N yst Se la če e Le Ž BA Ma Trn Ú Po. Bys Pr M B me Ga Lu Kom Z um. B BA á H P B N Previous Next Last Recovery of Sludges Slide No 22 Sources: http: //adlib. everysite. co. uk/adlib/defra/content. aspx? id=000 IL 3890 W. 19 N 9 CRHH 1681 XX, http: //www. bhs-sonthofen. de/en/industry-solutions/environment/sludge-conditioning. html Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges

Module 3. 3: General Waste Recycling Municipal Waste – Bio-degradable Waste – Civil Engineering Waste – Recovery of Sludges 4 Recovery of Sludges Biodegradable Waste Select language The management of sludges from wastewater purification plants in Slovak republic Contents Municipal Waste 06 October 2020 The quantity of sludges (tons of dry residues) Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 Used Total Applied to agricultural soil Applied to forest soil Composted, etc. Combusted 53 350 52 149 54 340 53 085 37 855 42 836 16 640 12 067 0 0 605 0 0 0 22 085 30 437 0 0 Disposed of Landfilled Suitable for Total other use 0 7 002 0 4 443 8 110 7 610 4 723 3 470 Civil Engineering Waste Other 8 493 4 870 6 900 5 858 Back First Previous ntity of sludges [t] Next (click to enlarge) Recovery of Sludges Home Last Slide No 23 Sources: http: //ian. umces. edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-lastcom-0 -6865. html Introductio n X 19: 14

X Module 3 3. 1 Separated Waste Recycling 3. 2 Technical Waste Recycling Select language 3. 3 General Waste Recycling Home Back First Previous Next Last Slide No 24 Sources: http: //www. sussexgreenliving. co. uk/2012/05/sussex-family-fun-day-in-recycling-week/grenouille-et-poubelle/ THE END 19: 14 06 October 2020