Vocabulary classwork Pages 582 605 1 Municipal solid

Vocabulary (classwork) Pages 582 -605 1. Municipal solid waste 2. Leachate 3. Corrosive 4. Organic Compound 5. Surface impoundment 6. Deep well Injection 7. Incineration 8. Composting 9. Recycling

CHAPTER 19 Waste Management

Lesson 19. 1 Municipal and Industrial Waste Of all the solid waste produced in the United States, 33. 9% is made up of paper.

Lesson 19. 1 Municipal and Industrial Waste What Is Waste? • Any unwanted material or substance that results from a human activity or process Did You Know? The average American generates more than 4. 5 pounds of trash per day. • Municipal solid waste: From homes and businesses • Industrial waste: Resulting from manufacturing, agriculture, and mining • Hazardous waste: Toxic, reactive, flammable, and corrosive • Wastewater: Includes used, discarded water and runoff

Lesson 19. 1 Municipal and Industrial Waste Methods of Solid Waste Disposal: Sanitary Landfills • Waste buried in the ground or carefully piled into mounds • Designed to prevent groundwater contamination and minimize soil and air pollution Did You Know? Regulations require that landfills be at least 6 m above the water table.

Lesson 19. 1 Municipal and Industrial Waste Benefits and Costs of Landfills Benefits Costs Decomposition yields methane, which Leachate may eventually escape can be used like natural gas. and contaminate the groundwater. When full, landfills are capped. The land can be used for recreation. Trash decomposes very slowly. Few communities are willing to host landfills (NIMBY). A power company in Hull, Massachusetts installed a large wind turbine on a site that had previously been a landfill.

Lesson 19. 2 Minimizing Solid Waste Reduction Methods • Substitute disposable goods with reusable ones. • Donate unwanted items. • Minimize packaging. • Reduce use of nonbiodegradable plastic. • Design goods to last. • Use financial incentives such as “pay as you throw” garbage disposal and “bottle bills. ” Did You Know? States with “bottle bills” (consumers receive a refund per returned bottle or can) have reduced their beverage container litter by 69– 84% and total litter by 30– 64%. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. A 608 GJ-Ez. M

Lesson 19. 2 Minimizing Solid Waste Recovery: Composting • Conversion of organic waste into mulch or humus by decomposition • Currently 3800 municipal programs in the U. S. • Has many benefits, including soil enrichment Did You Know? About 20% of U. S. waste is made up of organic material that could be composted.

Lesson 19. 2 Minimizing Solid Waste Recovery: Recycling • Collection and reprocessing of waste materials • Recycling rates among U. S. communities vary from 5 to 50%. • Many programs run at a financial loss, but that doesn’t take into account the effects of not recycling.

Lesson 19. 3 Hazardous Waste What Is Hazardous Waste? • Ignitable: Can catch fire • Corrosive: Can damage or destroy metals • Reactive: Chemically unstable; can explode or produce fumes when combined with water • Toxic: Harmful or fatal when inhaled, ingested, or touched

Lesson 19. 3 Hazardous Waste Sources of Hazardous Waste • Industry produces the most hazardous waste, but it is usually highly regulated. • Household hazardous waste is unregulated. Did You Know? The average American home contains about 100 pounds of hazardous waste in different products.

Lesson 19. 3 Hazardous Waste Types of Hazardous Waste • Organic compounds: Can act as mutagens, carcinogens, teratogens, and endocrine disruptors • Heavy metals: Many cause neurological damage over time. • E-waste: Contains heavy metals and toxic chemicals, but mostly treated as conventional solid waste Did You Know? U. S. households threw out about 304 million electronic devices in 2005—most were still in working order.

Lesson 19. 3 Hazardous Waste Regulation • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): Sets standards for hazardous waste management by states; requires industry to track hazardous material “cradle to grave” • Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), or “Superfund” Act: Federal program for cleaning up sites polluted by hazardous waste; culprits held liable for damage caused by their pollution Did You Know? As of 2007, 1354 of the 1569 Superfund sites have been cleaned up.

Read article on page 581 and answer the following questions in your journals. Restate the question! 1. How did residents of NYC view Fresh Kills? 2. How tall was the highest trash mound? 3. Once fresh Kills closed, where did NYC send its trash to? 4. What is the city of New York planning to do with Fresh Kills and how long will this process take?