World History Chapter 8 Section 2 Feudalism and

World History Chapter 8 Section 2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy

A New System of Rule • With attacks by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars, kings could not always maintain law and order ▫ People had to defend their homes and lands �Feudalism �Powerful lords gave fiefs to vassals ▫ estate ▫ Lord granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord

• Estates ▫ A few acres ▫ Hundreds of square miles �Included peasants, towns, buildings • Vassals ▫ Provide 40 days of military service/year ▫ Certain money payments ▫ Advice

Lords, Vassals, and Knights Monarch Dukes Vassal Counts Vassal Vassal Vassal Problems arose if a vassal pledged his loyalty to more than one lord

The World of Warriors • War was a way of life ▫ Many men wanted to be knights �Mounted warriors • How to become a knight ▫ Age 7: go to castle of father’s lord �Learn to fight, ride, care for equipment �Difficult and strict �Beatings ▫ Age 21: ready to be a knight �Kneel before older knight �Dubbing

• Battles subsided in the 1100’s ▫ Tournaments and mock battles �Began dangerously �Captured knights held for ransom �Eventually became more ceremonious

Independent Practice: • Write and explain: How is the game of capture the flag like a medieval war? ▫ Write (1 min. ) ▫ Explain (1 min. )

Castles • Early Middle Ages lords would leave their homes during an attack ▫ Wooden tower surrounded by a fence with a moat • 1100’s ▫ Stone castles with a moat and a drawbridge • Point of war would be to seize a castle • Food and water were stored up in the castle • If someone could not be starved into surrender, they could try to tunnel their way under

Role of noblewomen • “lord of the manor” when man was away at war ▫ Supervise vassals, manage house, farm, and medical duties �Maybe even fight for estate on her own • Some got involved in politics ▫ Eleanor of Aquitaine became queen of France and England �Had a hand in European affairs for 70 years

• Sons usually got the family land ▫ Women did get some as part of dowry �If husband died, woman regained land rights • Girls were often sent to friends or relatives for training ▫ Had to know how to spin, weave, supervise servants ▫ Some learned reading and writing ▫ Bear many children and be a good wife

Chivalry • Code of conduct for knights during the middle ages ▫ Brave, loyal, and true to their word ▫ Fight fairly and be generous to enemies �*Only applied to nobles, not commoners • Women were to be protected and cherished ▫ Troubadours �Wandering poets • Chivalry became modern idea of romantic love

The Manor • Lord’s estate ▫ One or more villages and surrounding lands ▫ Peasants worked on the manor �Serfs- peasants bound to the land �Couldn’t leave without lords permission �Work several days a week farming �Repair roads, bridges, fences �Paid fees for marriage, getting land, grinding grain �Holiday fees �Money wasn’t used as much as grains or goods • Lord’s provided protection and land to live on

A narrow world • Peasants produced all they needed ▫ Didn’t go far from city ▫ Little education of larger world • Manor included ▫ Many one room huts ▫ Water mill ▫ Church • Land was evenly divided

Daily Life • Peasants worked sunup to sundown • Diet ▫ Black bread, peas, cabbage, turnips, onions ▫ Fish if near a river �No meat unless they killed wild game • Sleeping conditions ▫ One room hut held the family and any farm animals

Seasons • Spring ▫ Plow • Summer ▫ Hay • Fall ▫ Harvest • Other times ▫ Weeded, fix fence, chores • Disease and starvation were hard to overcome ▫ Life expectancy was around 35

Celebrations • Marriages and Births • Christmas and Easter ▫ Week off from work • Other Christian Holidays • Celebrate by: ▫ Killing an animal and eating meat ▫ Dancing ▫ Sports

Beliefs • Attend chapel on the Sabbath ▫ Gossip and dance after • Medieval Europe believed in: ▫ Elves, fairies, and other nature spirits ▫ Love potions and magic charms ▫ Witches • Priests did their best to “Christianize” old beliefs

Independent Practice Word Definition Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition. 1. Vassal A. Noble who served as a mounted warrior 2. Fief B. Wandering poet 3. Knight C. Cod of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages Answers: 1. G 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. F 7. D 4. Chivalry D. Peasant bound to the Lord’s land 5. Troubadour E. An estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty 6. Manor F. lord’s estate. One or more villages and surrounding land 7. Serf G. Lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord

Before and After Journal • Pretend you are a peasant living in the middle ages ▫ Write a journal what life would be like, not only for you, but for Monarchs, Lords, and Knights as well