Early Japan and Korea Chapter 8 Section 3

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Early Japan and Korea Chapter 8, Section 3

Early Japan and Korea Chapter 8, Section 3

The Geography of Japan �Four main islands: �Hokkaido (hah-KY-doh) �Honshu (HAHN-shoo) �Kyushu (kee-OO-shoo) �Shikoku

The Geography of Japan �Four main islands: �Hokkaido (hah-KY-doh) �Honshu (HAHN-shoo) �Kyushu (kee-OO-shoo) �Shikoku (shih-KOH-koo) �Mountainous [volcanic in origin] �(11% can be farmed) �Isolation

Rise of the Japanese State �First clans settled in the modern cities of Osaka

Rise of the Japanese State �First clans settled in the modern cities of Osaka and Kyoto. �Clans � Local ruler offered protection in exchange for a share of the harvest [FEUDALISM] �Yamato clan leader achieved supremacy over all.

Chinese Influences �Shotoku Taishu (574 -622) �Prince who wanted to unify clans to resist

Chinese Influences �Shotoku Taishu (574 -622) �Prince who wanted to unify clans to resist the Chinese invaders. � Learned about the Chinese structure of government and brought those ideas back to Japan. � Centralized government with a supreme ruler. � To limit the power of the aristocrats. � Ruler was a divine figure and symbol of Japanese nation. � New tax system � Village was the basic unit of government � Farmland belonged to the state.

The Nara Period �Fujiwara clan brings changes: �New capital @ Nara. �Emperor began to

The Nara Period �Fujiwara clan brings changes: �New capital @ Nara. �Emperor began to use the title “son of Heaven” �Aristocrats became stronger. � They kept the taxes for themselves.

The Heian Period � 794 capital moved to Heian [HAY-ahn] (Kyoto). �Real power was

The Heian Period � 794 capital moved to Heian [HAY-ahn] (Kyoto). �Real power was with the Fujiwara clan. � Powerful families had the power. [FEUDALISM] � Used military force to protect their interests. �Samurai (“Those who serve”) �Resembled knights. �Lived by a strict warrior code = BUSHIDO � “Way of the warrior” � Loyalty to his lord.

The Kamakura Shogunate, 1192 -1333 �Minamoto Yoritomo �Defeated rivals and set up his power

The Kamakura Shogunate, 1192 -1333 �Minamoto Yoritomo �Defeated rivals and set up his power near Tokyo. �Centralized government � Shogun = general � Shogunate – emperor remained ruler in name only. �Kublai Khan invaded Japan with 150, 000 men. �Almost the entire fleet was destroyed by a typhoon. � http: //www. historytoday. com/blog/2011/10/13 th-century-mongolian-invasion-ship-discovered-under-japanese- seabed � 1333 overthrown by another family.

Collapse of Central Rule �Power of aristocrats grew during the 14 th – 15

Collapse of Central Rule �Power of aristocrats grew during the 14 th – 15 th centuries. �Daimyo �Heads of important families. � Controlled the land; owed no taxes �By 1500 there was a lot of chaos. �Onin War, 1467 -1477 �Central authority disappeared. �Armies burned temples and palaces in Kyoto.

Life in Early Japan �Japanese made the most of limited resources: �Farmed limited land

Life in Early Japan �Japanese made the most of limited resources: �Farmed limited land available. �Trade grew; markets appeared in larger towns.

The Role of Women �Certain level of equality with men. �Inheritance, could divorce if

The Role of Women �Certain level of equality with men. �Inheritance, could divorce if abandoned �Subordinate to men. �Aristocratic women at court. �Often appear in paintings of the period.

Religion in Early Japan �Worshipped spirits, called kami �In trees, rivers, streams and mountains.

Religion in Early Japan �Worshipped spirits, called kami �In trees, rivers, streams and mountains. �Believed that sprits of ancestors were present in the air around them. �Shinto: “The Sacred Way” or “the Way of the Gods” �Divinity of the emperor �Sacredness of the nation �Some followed Buddhism which Buddhist monks brought to China in 6 th century A. D. �Zen was very popular (became part of Samurai code). � Different ways to achieve enlightenment.