Waves on the Ocean Waves on the Ocean

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Waves on the Ocean

Waves on the Ocean

Waves on the Ocean Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Waves on the Ocean Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Wavelength of a Wave Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Wavelength of a Wave Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Wavelength of a Wave Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Wavelength of a Wave Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 324

Visible Spectrum of Light Waves 1/33, 000” long Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo

Visible Spectrum of Light Waves 1/33, 000” long Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet f o y a R e hit ht g i L W Waves 1/70, 000” long Slit PRISM

Visible Spectrum of Light

Visible Spectrum of Light

Unplucked string 1 half-wavelengths 2 half-wavelengths 3 half-wavelengths

Unplucked string 1 half-wavelengths 2 half-wavelengths 3 half-wavelengths

n = 4 orbit n = 6 orbit Only certain wavelengths will `fit' into

n = 4 orbit n = 6 orbit Only certain wavelengths will `fit' into an orbit. If the wavelength is longer or shorter, then the ends do not connect. Thus, de. Broglie explains the Bohr atom in that on certain orbits can exist to match the natural wavelength of the electron. If an electron is in some sense a wave, then in order to fit into an orbit around a nucleus, the size of the orbit must correspond to a whole number of wavelengths. http: //abyss. uoregon. edu/~js/21 st_century_science/lectures/lec 12. html

Waves • Wavelength ( ) - length of one complete wave • Frequency (

Waves • Wavelength ( ) - length of one complete wave • Frequency ( ) f - # of waves that pass a point during a certain time period – hertz (Hz) = 1/s • Amplitude (A) - distance from the origin to the trough or crest Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Waves crest A origin greater amplitude A (intensity) trough greater frequency (color) Courtesy Christy

Waves crest A origin greater amplitude A (intensity) trough greater frequency (color) Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

The Electromagnetic Spectrum L O W Increasing frequency Increasing photon energy AM radio E

The Electromagnetic Spectrum L O W Increasing frequency Increasing photon energy AM radio E N E R G Y H I G H Decreasing wavelength V i s i b l e Television channels Short wave radio FM radio Radar Microwave Radio Waves L i g h t infrared R O Red Orange Y Yellow G Green B Blue UV Rays Gamma Rays X- Rays I Indigo V Violet E N E R G Y

Frequency 1 second Frequency 4 cycles/second = 4 hertz 12 cycles/second = 12 hertz

Frequency 1 second Frequency 4 cycles/second = 4 hertz 12 cycles/second = 12 hertz 36 cycles/second = 36 hertz O’Connor, Davis, Mac. Nab, Mc. Clellan, CHEMISTRY Experiments and Principles 1982, page 166

Carrier frequency Sound pattern AM & FM Waves Amplitude Modulated carrier Frequency Modulated carrier

Carrier frequency Sound pattern AM & FM Waves Amplitude Modulated carrier Frequency Modulated carrier

AM & FM Waves Carrier frequency AM - FM Radio Sound pattern Amplitude Modulated

AM & FM Waves Carrier frequency AM - FM Radio Sound pattern Amplitude Modulated carrier Frequency Modulated carrier

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Electromagnetic Spectrum H I G H E N E R G Y Visible spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum H I G H E N E R G Y Visible spectrum Violet 400 nm Blue Green 500 nm L O W Yellow Orange Red 600 nm 700 nm White Light g rays X-rays Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio waves Radar TV Short FM Wave 10 -2 nm 10 -1 nm 100 nm 101 nm 102 nm 103 nm 10 -3 cm 10 -2 cm 10 -1 cm 100 cm 101 cm 101 m 102 m 103 m Long Wave 104 m Wavelength, 1019 Hz 1018 Hz 1017 Hz 1016 Hz 1015 Hz 1014 Hz 1013 Hz 1012 Hz 1011 Hz 1010 Hz 109 Hz 100 MHz 100 KHz Frequency, Electromagnetic spectrum Davis, Frey, Sarquis, Modern Chemistry 2006, page 98 E N E R G Y

Common wavelength units for electromagnetic radiation Unit Symbol Wavelength, (m) Type of Radiation Picometer

Common wavelength units for electromagnetic radiation Unit Symbol Wavelength, (m) Type of Radiation Picometer pm 10 -12 Gamma ray Ångstrom Å 10 -10 X-ray Nanometer nm 10 -9 X-ray Micrometer mm 10 -6 Infrared Millimeter mm 10 -3 Infrared Centimeter cm 10 -2 Microwave Meter m 100 Radio Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Waves long wavelength Amplitude Low frequency short wavelength Amplitude High frequency

Waves long wavelength Amplitude Low frequency short wavelength Amplitude High frequency

Waves long wavelength Amplitude Low frequency 60 photons low energy short wavelength Amplitude High

Waves long wavelength Amplitude Low frequency 60 photons low energy short wavelength Amplitude High frequency 162 photons high energy

Red and Blue Light Photons - particle of light that carries a quantum of

Red and Blue Light Photons - particle of light that carries a quantum of energy Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 325

Electromagnetic Radiation Light as a wave Light as a stream of energy (packets of

Electromagnetic Radiation Light as a wave Light as a stream of energy (packets of photons) Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 325

Wavelength and Frequency “nu” “lambda” c = f E = h f c =

Wavelength and Frequency “nu” “lambda” c = f E = h f c = speed of light (3 x 108 m/s) f = frequency (s-1) = wavelength (m) E = energy (Joules or J) h = Planck’s constant (6. 6 x 10 -34 J/s) f = frequency (s-1)

Electromagnetic Spectrum • Frequency & wavelength are inversely proportional c = c: speed of

Electromagnetic Spectrum • Frequency & wavelength are inversely proportional c = c: speed of light (3. 00 108 m/s) : wavelength (m, nm, etc. ) : frequency (Hz) Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Electromagnetic Spectrum • EX: Find the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of

Electromagnetic Spectrum • EX: Find the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 434 nm. GIVEN: f=? = 434 nm WORK: 1 m 1 x 109 nm = 4. 34 10 -7 m c = 3. 00 108 m/s f = 3. 00 108 m/s 4. 34 10 -7 m f = 6. 91 1014 Hz Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Wavelength and Frequency “nu” “lambda” c = f E = h f c =

Wavelength and Frequency “nu” “lambda” c = f E = h f c = speed of light (3 x 108 m/s) f = frequency (s-1) = wavelength (m) E = energy (Joules or J) h = Planck’s constant (6. 6 x 10 -34 J/s) f = frequency (s-1)