Volcanic Eruptions Mafic Lava Dark colored Rich in

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Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic Eruptions

Mafic Lava Ø Dark colored Ø Rich in magnesium and iron Ø Formed from

Mafic Lava Ø Dark colored Ø Rich in magnesium and iron Ø Formed from oceanic crust Ø Cools rapidly

Felsic Lava Ø Light colored Ø Rich in silica Ø Formed from continental crust

Felsic Lava Ø Light colored Ø Rich in silica Ø Formed from continental crust

Eruptions Ø Composition of lava determines the force of the eruption

Eruptions Ø Composition of lava determines the force of the eruption

Oceanic Eruptions Ø Erupt on the ocean floor and oceanic islands Ø Mafic lava

Oceanic Eruptions Ø Erupt on the ocean floor and oceanic islands Ø Mafic lava ØVery hot ØVery thin (watery) ØFlows easily

Continental Eruptions Ø Erupt on the land Ø Felsic lava ØCooler ØThicker ØContains large

Continental Eruptions Ø Erupt on the land Ø Felsic lava ØCooler ØThicker ØContains large amounts of gases ØCarbon dioxide and water vapor ØExplosive

Mafic Lava Ø Pyroclastic material (tephra)-rock fragments ejected from volcanoes ØVolcanic ash- less than

Mafic Lava Ø Pyroclastic material (tephra)-rock fragments ejected from volcanoes ØVolcanic ash- less than 2 mm ØVolcanic dust- less than. 25 mm ØBoth can travel around the Earth in the atmosphere

Volcanic Cones Ø Piles of volcanic material around the vent

Volcanic Cones Ø Piles of volcanic material around the vent

Volcanic cones Ø Shield cones ØCover wide areas ØBroad at the base ØGentle slope

Volcanic cones Ø Shield cones ØCover wide areas ØBroad at the base ØGentle slope ØQuiet eruptions ØExample Hawaiian Islands

Shield cones

Shield cones

Volcanic cones Ø Cinder cones ØExplosive eruptions ØVery steep slopes ØRarely more than a

Volcanic cones Ø Cinder cones ØExplosive eruptions ØVery steep slopes ØRarely more than a few hundred meters high

Cinder cones

Cinder cones

Volcanic cones Ø Composite cones ØDevelop into high volcanic mountains ØAlternating types of eruptions

Volcanic cones Ø Composite cones ØDevelop into high volcanic mountains ØAlternating types of eruptions ØExamples: Mount Fuji, Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens

Composite cones

Composite cones

Crater Ø Funnel shaped pit at the top of a volcanic vent

Crater Ø Funnel shaped pit at the top of a volcanic vent

Caldera Ø Large basin shaped depression caused by an explosive eruption ØMagma chamber below

Caldera Ø Large basin shaped depression caused by an explosive eruption ØMagma chamber below a vent, causing the volcanic cone to collapse

Predicting Volcanoes Ø Earthquakes Ø Temperature changes in rock around vent Ø Bulging of

Predicting Volcanoes Ø Earthquakes Ø Temperature changes in rock around vent Ø Bulging of the surface of the volcano Ø Change in gases given off

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