UV Radical Inks Amir Shapira 2007 HewlettPackard Development

UV Radical Inks Amir Shapira © 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice

Ink formulation Solvent purpose UV purpose Solvents ~85% Carrier Monomers Carrier+ matrix+ adhesion ~85% Pigment+ Dispersants ~6% Resin Color Adhesion ~7% surfactants ~2% Pigment+ Dispersants ~6% PI ~5% S. T Surfactants ~1% HP corporate presentation tutorial color Reactors initiators S. T 2

Lets start with the basics. • Chemistry is defined as the science of matter and the changes within. • What is MATTER? – anything with mass or volume. Matter can be each of the following three: I. Elements – Atoms II. Compounds - A matter which is built from atoms and has different properties from the elements. III. Mixture – Matter with no chemical bonds. For exp: Air. HP corporate presentation tutorial 3

Noble gases Metalloids Transition Metals Nonmetals Lanthanide series Actinide series HP corporate presentation tutorial 4

What are molecules? • • A molecule is two or more atoms joined together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. For exp: Molecular hydrogen ( ), molecular oxygen ( ) and molecular nitrogen ( ) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water ( ) and carbon dioxide ( ) are compounds because each is made from more than one element. A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. HP corporate presentation tutorial 5

What are molecules cont. • In general we can divide all the molecules into two groups: organic and inorganic a chemical compound whose molecules contain carbon, with a few exceptions. • Inorganic substances are of mineral origin. sand, salt, iron, calcium salts Organic molecules are of interest to us. This group can in turn be divided into two separate groups. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic. HP corporate presentation tutorial 6

Hydrophobic & hydrophilic • Hydrophobic – Greek, hydro= water + phobos = fear Non polar molecules which are Lacking an affinity for water. Usually having no polar atoms of the 5 th-7 th row. For exp: oil. • Hydrophilic – Greek, philos=loving Pertaining to polar molecules, or other materials that can accommodate water's hydrogen-bonded structures and, therefore, are relatively water-soluble. For exp: Ethanol. HP corporate presentation tutorial 7

What are polymers? • The science of polymer is very extensive and so are the different kinds of polymers that exist, from natural to synthetic. • We will try to summarize the subject but, keep in mind that in order to teach just the basics we would need years!!! • We will begin with the basic building blocks, The MONOMERS. HP corporate presentation tutorial 8

Monomers • In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part") is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. • The chemical reaction is much more complex and difficult then will be explained here, but I will try to make it as simple as possible. HP corporate presentation tutorial 9

Polymerization reaction • One of the most common and useful reaction for making polymers is free radical polymerization. It is used to make polymers from vinyl monomers, that is, from small molecules containing carbon-carbon double bonds, i. e. • PI - compound capable of absorbing UV light, thus generating an active substance, which can initiate a polymerization reaction in UV coatings. HP corporate presentation tutorial 10

Polymerization reaction cont. • Initiation – UV PI 2 PI. + M M. • Propagation – • Determination – M. + M MM. etc. ~MM. +~MM. ~MMMM~ HP corporate presentation tutorial 12

SO what are polymers? • A high molecular weight ( times the weight of a regular moleculemonomer) organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, the monomer. Some polymers are elastomers (rubber like behavior), some plastics. • A polymer can be of liquid form or of solid, the state is determined by the Tg (transition glass temperature). If the ambient temp. is above the Tg the polymer will be flexible, if below, the polymer is crystallized. HP corporate presentation tutorial 13

Thank you HP corporate presentation tutorial 15