US HISTORY Chapter 11 Growth Expansion 1790 1840

US HISTORY Chapter 11 Growth & Expansion 1790 -1840

Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy n Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in mid-1700 s in the textile (cloth) industry q Britain made huge profits q Parliament passed laws making it illegal for any machines, machine plans, or skilled workers to leave Britain q

1789 – Samuel Slater (an apprentice in British mill) memorizes plans of the mill & travels in disguise to America q Slater rebuilds his mill from memory in Pawtucket, RI q

Rise of Factories q Francis Cabot Lowell Built an improved version of Slater’s mill in MA n Mill made thread AND wove thread into cloth n Start of the factory system all manufacturing steps combined in one location n

Factory Conditions Many women & children employed q Long hours (12 -14 hrs/day, 6 days/week) & low wages q Poor working conditions – bad lighting, poor ventilation, unsafe machinery q Led to the formation of the first labor unions q

Free Enterprise US has a “capitalist” economic system q This helped boost industrial growth (and helps businesses today) q Capitalism – individuals & businesses own property and decide how to use it q People/businesses control the “capital” q

Free enterprise – a type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want q Major elements include economic freedom, profit, private property, and competition q

Growth of Agriculture Most Americans still lived and worked on farms q Agriculture moved west into the region north of the Ohio River q In the South, cotton production rose sharply q Textile factories increased demand for cotton q From 1790 to 1820, cotton production went from 3, 000 to 300, 000 bales per year q Increased demand for slaves as well q

Growth of Corporations Corporation – type of business that has many owners q Companies sell shares of stock to raise capital q Large corporations began to appear during this time which helped drive industrialization q

Growth of Cities Many cities developed along rivers because of transportation, shipping, & water power for factories q Cities were often dirty & dangerous no sewers, animals roamed freely, and disease & fires were a constant threat q

Lesson 2 – Moving West n Daniel Boone 1769 – explored a Native American trail through the Appalachian Mtns. called Warriors’ Path q This led Boone through a break in the mountains – Cumberland Gap q Cumberland Gap opened into Kentucky q More than 100, 000 people used the Cumberland Gap b/w 1775 -1790 q

Lesson 2 – Moving West n Roads and Turnpikes – toll roads built by private companies q National Road – (1806) built by the national govt. , MD to IL through IN, present-day US 40 q

Lesson 2 – Moving West n Rivers & Canals q Robert Fulton – developed the first largescale steamboat (named the Clermont) Clermont was able to travel from NYC to Albany, NY in 32 hours. . . previously, the trip would take 4 days

Lesson 2 – Moving West n Rivers & Canals Canal – artificial waterway connecting two larger bodies of water q Erie Canal – built in NY. . . connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River to the Atlantic Ocean q Wabash & Erie Canal - connected Evansville to Lake Erie (sign on I-64) q

Lesson 2 – Moving West n Rivers & Canals q Locks

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism n Era of Good Feelings Occurred during the presidency of James Monroe (post-War of 1812 through the early 1820 s) q Time in the nation when everyone seemed to get along support for the govt. was very high q

Lesson 3 – Unity and n American System Sectionalism Proposal by House Speaker Henry Clay to help the US grow q Included higher tariffs, a new Bank of the United States, and internal improvements q Not all Americans agreed with the plan…led to sectionalism q

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism n Sectionalism – loyalty to a particular region, or section, of the country q John C. Calhoun – (SC) became a strong opponent of national programs and a supporter of states having the right to govern themselves. . . very vocal leader from the South, becomes a national figure up to the Civil War q

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism n Sectionalism Daniel Webster – (MA) known as a great public speaker, protected interests of New England q Henry Clay – (KY) tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise. . . later became known as “The Great Compromiser” q

Lesson 3 – Unity and n Nationalism & US Supreme Court Sectionalism Early 1800 s – US Supreme Court strengthened the national govt’s power q Mc. Culloch v Maryland (1819) – SC said the State of Maryland could NOT tax a local office of the Bank of the United States because that would give the state power over the national govt q Gibbons v Ogden (1824) – SC said that only the national govt could make laws governing interstate commerce, NOT the states q

Lesson 3 – Unity and n The Missouri Compromise (1820) Sectionalism South wanted Missouri admitted as a q slave state. . . Maine had also applied for statehood q Compromise developed by Henry Clay n 1) Missouri joins as a slave state n 2) Maine joins as a free state n 3) Slavery was banned in the rest of the LA Territory north of the 36° 30’ parallel

Lesson 3 – Unity and n Foreign Affairs Sectionalism Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) – US & Britain agreed to limit the number of warships on the Great Lakes & remove weapons from the US/Canada border q Convention of 1818 – set the boundary b/w the US & Canada (in the LA Territory) at the 49 th parallel q

Lesson 3 – Unity and Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – US gets Florida Sectionalism from Spain, US gives up claims to Spanish q Texas. . . US also gets Oregon Country q Monroe Doctrine (1823) – increased European involvement in the Americas leads Pres. Monroe to issue this statement. . . says the US will not interfere with any existing European colonies in the Americas BUT the US would oppose any new ones. . . becomes a cornerstone of US foreign policy