IMPERIALISM BY THE UNITED STATES Essential Question What

IMPERIALISM BY THE UNITED STATES

Essential Question: What role did the United States play as an imperial power in Asia and Latin America?

115 years after gaining independence from Britain, the United States was an industrial and imperial power How did this happen?

The United States: 1790 -1820 The U. S. Economy: From 1790 to 1820, most Americans were small-scale farmers

The United States: 1790 -1820 But, a few early textile mills were built in New England and…

The United States: 1790 -1820. . . Eli Whitney’s cotton gin led to a boom in southern cotton and slavery

The United States: 1790 -1820 U. S. Territorial Expansion: The American population expanded across the Appalachian Mountains In 1803, Jefferson doubled the size of the USA and gained control of the Mississippi River when he bought Louisiana from French Emperor Napoleon

The United States: 1790 -1820 U. S. Foreign Policy: In these early years, the American government was committed to neutrality in regards to foreign policy

The United States: 1820 -1860 The U. S. Economy: From 1820 to 1860, Southern cotton made up 60% of American exports The North had a diverse economy based on farming, textile production, and manufacturing Western farmers were connected to Northern industry by roads, canals, and railroads

The United States: 1820 -1860 U. S. Territorial Expansion: From 1820 to 1860, the USA claimed its “Manifest Destiny” and gained new western lands in Texas, Oregon, and the southwest

The United States: 1820 -1860 By 1850, the USA had all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific

The United States: 1820 -1860 U. S. Foreign Policy: In 1823, the U. S. declared a new foreign policy called the Monroe Doctrine The USA remained committed to neutrality in Europe. . . but promised to protect the Western Hemisphere from European colonization

The United States: 1820 -1860 The U. S. Economy: From 1860 to 1900, the United States experienced an Industrial Revolution

The USA became a world leader in railroads, oil, steel, and electricity

As America became more industrialized, it experienced a rise in urbanization and immigration

The United States: 1860 -1900 U. S. Territorial Expansion: The USA expanded beyond North America and imperialized by gaining new colonies in Latin America and Asia

The United States: 1860 -1900 U. S. Foreign Policy: With its industry and strong navy, the USA became the “police power” of the Western Hemisphere

Why did the United States imperialize? American factories needed new sources of raw materials and markets to sell their goods

Why did the United States imperialize? By 1890, there were no new lands in the west to expand into and Americans wanted overseas colonies

Why did the United States imperialize? Americans felt the need to keep up with European imperialists

Why did the United States imperialize? The U. S. had a modern navy and belief that it could compete with other powerful nations

Why did the United States imperialize? Like Europeans, Americans believed in Social Darwinism and felt that they had a duty to “civilize” the “inferior races” of the world So, what did the USA gain during the Age of Imperialism?

From 1820 1890, In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani U. S. to. Imperialism: HAWAII Americans moved to came to power and tried to Hawaii as missionaries reduce the power of and fruit plantation Americans living in Hawaii owners Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 and Hawaii was annexed by the USA in 1898 (governed by Sanford Dole)

By the. U. S. 1890 s, European imperial powers Imperialism: CHINA carved China into spheres of influence, giving them exclusive trade rights in Chinese ports In 1899, the USA declared an Open Door Policy in China to allow free trade by any nation in any port

In 1895, Cubans declared their independence U. S. Imperialism: CUBA from Spain; to put down the revolution, Spain used brutal tactics (like starvation) In 1898, the U. S. sent the ship USS Maine to Cuba to protect American interests there; after the ship mysteriously exploded, Americans declared war on Spain

The U. S. easily won the Spanish. American War to free Cuba and the Philippines from Spain

As a result of the Spanish-American War, Cuba gained its independence and the USA annexed the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico When the Filipino people were not given independence, they led an unsuccessful rebellion against the USA in the Filipino-American War in 1899

AN AMERICAN WAR CRIMINAL The Americans were able to stop the rebel Filipinos partly because of the brutal tactics used by one of the commanding officers, General Jacob H. Smith In one region of the Philippines, Smith ordered any over ten years old to be executed When his war crimes became public, Smith was courtmartialed and kicked out of the U. S. military GENERAL JACOB H. SMITH

By 1904, the USA was major power and America’s Roleain Latinworld America declared that it had “police power” to protect Latin America from European imperialism

By 1900, one of America’s main goals was to U. S. Imperialism: build a canal in Panama, PANAMA which would. CANAL connect the Atlantic and Pacific

After the Colombian government rejected America’s offer to build a canal in Panama, the U. S. encouraged Panama to break from Colombia

In 1903, Panama allowed the U. S. to build the canal and the Panama Canal was completed by 1914

Click here to see how the Panama Canal works

By the 20 th century, the U. S. was a world power The U. S. was a world leader in industry and had one of the most powerful militaries in the world The USA gained Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines… …created an Open Door Policy in China… …and had influence over Latin America

Revamped and redone by Christopher Jaskowiak Original version by Brooks Baggett