Types of Colonies Joint Stock colonies granted to

Types of Colonies ▪ Joint Stock – colonies granted to private companies in the hopes of creating profits from colonization ▪ Proprietary – land granted to individuals for the purpose of creating colonies; the individuals had the right then to grant land to whomever they chose ▪ Royal – colonies headed by the English crown/government itself

§ Overpopulation § Gold § Raw materials § Missionaries

MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE MERCANTILISM

The Beginning ▪ English Restoration – Monarch would be overthrown and replaced with a Puritan leader (Oliver Cromwell) – 1661: Charles II regains the control of England ▪ Decided to go colonize the New World

§ Original sin § Saved by God’s grace § Predestination § These are characteristics of ________

§ The elect can only be admitted into the church § Man could not know who is saved § You need to be godly § Peer pressure and social status played a whole part in salvation

Organization Order § Democratic § Religious intoleration § New England Town § Focus on materialism Meetings § Self-government § Halfway Covenant

§ Living a Godly life § Inequality of man § Profit motive § Protestant work ethic § Blue laws

Enlightenment Great Awakening § Intellectual movement in Europe § Religious movement in the colonies § Emphasized science, reason, and observation

§ Movement away from a God-centered view of life to a man-centered view of life § Science and reason can answer: § Life’s mysteries § Questions about government § People could find God on their own § Questioning the leaders of the church led to questioning leaders of the government

§ Philosophy based on Christianity § Founding fathers § Belief: God put the natural laws in place, then let the universe function according to those rules § God doesn’t take part in the lives of the people § If a leader failed in responsibility to his people, the people have the right to elect someone else § Sound familiar? ? ?

§ Literacy rose in the colonies § Newspapers and books publications rose § Schools are introduced into towns § Government must protect the natural rights of man § Kings don’t govern people; people must consent

§ Revival of religion in hopes to bring people back to God § *reaction to the Enlightenment § Personal power in religion § Gave everyone something to believe in § Personal emotion over outward emotion § Fire-brimstone § Importance of the individual

§ George Whitfield § Raw emotion § Open fields § Jonathan Edwards § “sinners in the hands of an angry God”

§ New denominations § New interest in religion § New colleges to help teach ministers § Harvard § Yale § Religious toleration § Gave man importance

§ Does not work out early on § Indentured servants are cheaper § Low life expectancy § What changes? ? § Rise of English wages § Life expectancy increases § Slave for life § Royal African Company loses monopoly of slave trade § More profitable § Middle passage

§ Social hierarchy § Birth less important then in Europe § Land ownership less important § Wealth is most important § Elite close off entry § Social mobility much easier § Social pyramid § Slaves § Indentured servants/jail birds § Manual workers/hired hands § Farmers (land owning) § Lesser professionals § Aristocrats, planters, merchants, lawyers, clergymen