Thickening of intima atherosclerotic plaque due to proliferation

Thickening of intima (atherosclerotic plaque) due to proliferation of cholesterol-containing macrophages and other cells Thrombus formed due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD (IHD) and CAD is the most common cause of death worldwide

Red infarction of lung

Normal colonic mucosa Adenoma with low grade dysplasia Stratification of nuclei Hyperchromasia Cigar-shaped nuclei (high N/C ratio) Goblet cell depletion Mild architecture disturbance polyp

The basement membrane is still intact but the dysplasia is high grade (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) = high grade dysplasia Dysplastic epithelium The dysplasia is in the 3 layers from bottom to top Dysplasia here: Loss of polarity of cells and loss of maturation Hyperchromasia Nuclear pleomorphism Enlarged nuclei High mitoses (not limited To basal layer) Normal squamous epithelium with maturation (from basal columnar layer to superficial squamous cells) These are inflammatory cells (not invasion)

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma Keratin pearls…which means that there is some degree of differentiation Tongues & islands of malignant squamous cells

Anaplasia

Abnormal mitosis in a background of severe atypia Chromatin clumps

High atypia mitosis

mitoses

Malignant tumor Prominent nucleolus

Colonic adenocarcinoma Muscularis mucosae Malignant glands (severe dysplasia with severe disturbance in architecture) …in submucosa……………invasion

Poorly differentiated tumor

Basal Cell carcinoma Islands of basaloid cells Peripheral palisading of cells at the periphery of each island