Theoretical Approaches to Reading Instruction Marilyn JagerAdams Introduction

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Theoretical Approaches to Reading Instruction Marilyn Jager-Adams

Theoretical Approaches to Reading Instruction Marilyn Jager-Adams

Introduction three styles of learning: • alphabetic • words • meaning

Introduction three styles of learning: • alphabetic • words • meaning

Alphabetic Approaches Advantages: Disadvantages: • One alphabetic symbol per phoneme • Difficult to learn

Alphabetic Approaches Advantages: Disadvantages: • One alphabetic symbol per phoneme • Difficult to learn • No language admits more than a few dozen phonemes • Focused on memorization, reading aloud • Prevalent method for nearly 3, 000 years • Less concerned with conveying ideas • Hailed as most important invention in the social history of the world (309) (310)

Alphabetic Methods: • The Alphabet Song • Hornbooks • Blue-Back Speller (1783) Image courtesy

Alphabetic Methods: • The Alphabet Song • Hornbooks • Blue-Back Speller (1783) Image courtesy of Folger Shakespeare Library Image courtesy of The Library of Congress www. loc. gov

Words • introduction of the "whole" method • debate over the "proper whole": •

Words • introduction of the "whole" method • debate over the "proper whole": • reading should begin with memorization • memorization of whole books/stories (Matthew 1966) • sentence-whole thought to be most natural of thought and expression • sentence-whole words sounds letters (Huey 1908/1968) (310 -311)

Meaning (cont. ) • over 19 th century came increased availability of books/titles •

Meaning (cont. ) • over 19 th century came increased availability of books/titles • change to aquiring knowledge for its own sake/purposes • improving one's personal capacity for practical & intellectual fulfillment • expanded areas of scholarship (science, history, art, philosophy, economics, literature) (311)

Meaning (stimulus-thought) • shift towards motivation, freedom of thought: • ". . . everyone

Meaning (stimulus-thought) • shift towards motivation, freedom of thought: • ". . . everyone selects what suits him from what he reads" (1895, 73; cited in N. Smith 1986, 118) • change from reading aloud to silent reading • words recognized through pictures/context • letter/sound recognition relegated to ancillary use • in use until around the 1940's "Fun with Dick and Jane" 1946 (312)

The Contemporary Debate

The Contemporary Debate

The Contemporary Debate The 1950's through Present Day: Competing beliefs, such as Phonetics, Whole

The Contemporary Debate The 1950's through Present Day: Competing beliefs, such as Phonetics, Whole Language Movement, and continued adherents to the Alphabetic Method • 1950’s: phonetics briefly regain core curriculum position • 1960’s: Whole Language Movement • Meaning-driven approaches from earlier revamped (313) • Attention Theory (meaning and message) • Same difficulties faced by other meaning based methods

The Contemporary Debate Research Findings: • Reading for meaning includes: • Line for line,

The Contemporary Debate Research Findings: • Reading for meaning includes: • Line for line, left to right style (313) • Rapid word/letter-wise processing (313) • Knowledge of one’s language spellings and spelling-speech mappings is crucial (313 -314) Where does the impasse lie with the Alphabetic Method? • Perceptual/conceptual elusiveness of phonemes (313) • Humans are biologically disposed to learn/decode the phonemes of their native language (313) • Focus needs to be on the sounds of language vs. meanings

Phonemes: Learning to connect sounds to written language

Phonemes: Learning to connect sounds to written language

Phonemic Awareness Alphabetic Student Language Play Meaning. First

Phonemic Awareness Alphabetic Student Language Play Meaning. First

Works Cited Jager Adams, Marilyn. "Theoretical Approaches to Reading Instruction" Cushman, Ellen, et al.

Works Cited Jager Adams, Marilyn. "Theoretical Approaches to Reading Instruction" Cushman, Ellen, et al. Literacy: A Critical Sourcebook. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001. 309 -315. Print. Oxford Education. "Read Write Inc. Phonemes Pronunciation Guide DVD. ” Online video clip. You. Tube, 7 February 2011. Web. 15 June 2014. University of Oregon Center on Teaching and Learning. n. d. webpage. 15 June 2014. <http: //reading. uoregon. edu/big_ideas/pa/pa_what. php>.