The Synoptic Gospels 1 What are the synoptic

The Synoptic Gospels 1

What are the synoptic gospels? l l l Written by Matthew, Mark & Luke Meaning: “a seeing together” They portray the life of Jesus in similar ways 2

Similarities of the Synoptic Gospels l l l General chronology from baptism to resurrection. Popular early ministry in Galilee concluding with opposition in Judea. Turning point of Jesus’ ministry: Peter’s confession at Caesarea Philippi (Mt 16: 13 -20). Passion week takes a large section of conclusion. Similar wording and style. 3

What is “the synoptic problem”? l l l How do we explain the numerous similarities between these 3 Gospels as well as the various differences? Why do we have more than one Gospel? What do these similarities and differences tell us about each Gospel origin? 4

3 Step Process The Oral Stage – eyewitnesses who handed down traditions. 2. The Written Stage – many have undertaken to draw up an account. 3. The Editorial Stage (Final Composition) – “an orderly narrative” by an editor who chooses & arranges material. 1. 5

Laws of Transmission Groups that pass on information tend to: Ø lengthen their stories, Ø Add details, Ø Fit stories to their own language, Ø Preserve & develop only what meets their needs & promotes their beliefs. 6

Two-Source Hypothesis for Synoptic Gospels l Mark is the earliest Gospel. l Under laws of transmission, shortest comes first. l Matthew contains nearly all of Mark; Luke has half of Mark. l Matthew & Luke follow Mark’s chronology. l Quelle (Source) – is the 2 nd source; this is where Matthew & Luke got material which not found in Mark. 7

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The 4 Document Hypothesis Mark – chronology, framework. 2. Q - Quelle – common to Luke & Matthew, but not in Mark. 3. M – unique to Matthew. 4. L – unique to Luke. 1. 9