Week 1 Synoptic Gospels Ex 22 23 33

Week 1

• 共觀福音書 (Synoptic Gospels) • Ex. 太 22: 23 -33//可 12: 18 -27//路 20: 27 -40

• • • Mark 11025 words Matthew 18283 words Luke 19376 words

• Agreement in Wording (用字雷同) • Agreement in Order (次序雷同) – http: //www. abu. nb. ca/courses/NTIntro/Order. Triple. htm • Agreement in Parenthetical Material (註釋雷同) – – – – Matt 24: 15 -18//Mark 13: 14 -16//Luke 21: 20 -22 Matt 9: 6//Mark 2: 1 -12//Luke 5: 24 Matt 8: 28 -29//Mark 5: 1 -8//Luke 8: 26 -29 Matt 27: 15 -18//Mark 15: 6 -10 Matt 26: 5//Mark 14: 2//Luke 22: 2 Matt 26: 14//Mark 14: 10//Luke 22: 3 Matt 26: 47//Mark 14: 43//Luke 22: 47 Matt 9: 21//Mark 5: 28 • Unusual Literary Agreements (採用相樣的異文) – Matt 3: 3//Mark 1: 3//Luke 3: 4 – Matt 22: 37//Mark 12: 30//Luke 10: 27 • Luke 1: 1 -4

• The Synoptic Problem (共觀問題): the study of the similarities and differences of the Synoptic Gospels in an attempt to explain their literary relationship.

Matthew Mark Luke Matthew Luke Mark Luke

A. Mark’s Shortness: The Argument from Length – Why would Mark omit material if Matthew or Luke was his source? – Material concerning Jesus’ birth, the birth of John, the Sermon on the Mount, the Lord’s prayer, the resurrection narratives. – Was Mark as a condensed version? – No. For while Mark is shorter in total length, the individual pericopes contained within are actually longer in length.

B. Mark’s Poorer Writing Style: The Argument from Grammar – Colloquialisms and Inferior Writing Style: Mark 1: 12; 2: 4; 4: 41; 5: 9 -10; 10: 20; 16: 6 – Aramaic Expression: • • • Matt 10: 1 -2//Mark 3: 14 -17//Luke 6: 13 -14 Matt 9: 25//Mark 5: 40 -41//Luke 8: 54 Matt 15: 3 -6//Mark 7: 9 -13 Matt 15: 30//Mark 7: 32 -35 Matt 26: 39//Mark 14: 35 -36//Luke 22: 41 -42 Matt 27: 33 -34//Mark 15: 22 -23//Luke 23: 33 – Redundancy • • Matt 8: 16//Mark 1: 32//Luke 4: 40 Matt 9: 14//Mark 2: 18//Luke 5: 33 Matt 12: 3 -4//Mark 2: 25 -26//Luke 6: 3 -4 Matt 27: 35//Mark 15: 24//23: 33 -34

C. Mark’s Harder Readings – The Apparent Limitation of Jesus’ Power or Influence • Matt 8: 16//Mark 1: 32 -34//Luke 4: 40 • Matt 12: 15//Mark 3: 9 -10//Luke 6: 19 • Matt 13: 58//Mark 6: 5 -6 – Negative Descriptions of the Disciples • • Matt 13: 18//Mark 4: 13//Luke 8: 11 Matt 14: 32 -33//Mark 6: 51 -52 Matt 19: 14//Mark 10: 14//Luke 18: 16 Matt 20: 20 -21//Mark 10: 35 -37 – Miscellaneous Theological Issues • Matt 19: 16 -17//Mark 10: 17 -18//Luke 18: 18 -19 • Matt 12: 12 -13//Mark 3: 4 -5//Luke 6: 9 -10 • Matt 12: 3 -4//Mark 2: 25 -26//Luke 6: 3 -4

D. The Lack of Matthew-Luke Agreements against Mark: The Argument from Verbal Agreements example E. The Lack of Matthew-Luke Agreements against Mark: The Argument from Order

F. Argument from Redaction – “son of David” (Matt 1: 1, 20; 9: 27; 12: 23; 15: 22; 20: 30 f; 21: 9, 15; 22: 42, 45; Mark 10: 47 f; 12: 35, 37; Luke 18: 38 f; 20: 41, 44) – “this was to fulfill” (Matt 1: 22; 2: 15, 17, 23; 4: 14; 8: 17; 12: 17; 13: 35; 21: 4; 27: 9); “to fulfill” (Matt 5: 17; 13: 14; 26: 56) G. Mark’s more primitive theology – the title “Lord”

Saint Matthew and the Angel Caravaggio 1602 Oil on canvas 295 cm × 195 cm (116 in × 77 in) Destroyed

Contarelli Chapel, 1599 -1602 Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio The Inspiration of Saint Matthew 1602 Oil on Canvas 9' 8 1/2" x 6' 2 1/2" Contarelli Chapel, Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Roma

Artist Michelangelo Year c. 1511 Type fresco Dimensions 480. 10 cm × 230. 10 cm (189. 0 in × 90. 6 in) Michelangelo c. 1511 fresco 480. 10 cm × 230. 10 cm

Albrecht Dürer The Four Apostles 1526 Oil on lindenwood 215 cm × 76 cm (85 in × 30 in) Alte Pinakothek, Munich

Mark 5: 9 -10 Luke 8: 30 -31 9 And He was asking him, "What is your 30 Now there was a herd of many swine name? " And he said (singular) to Him, "My name is Legion; for we (plural) are many. " 10 And he (singular) began to implore Him earnestly not to send them (plural) out of the country. feeding at a distance from them. 31 The demons (plural) began to entreat Him, saying, "If You are going to cast us (plural) out, send us (plural) into the herd of swine. " Mark 16: 6 Matthew 28: 6 And he said to them, "Do not be amazed; you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen; He is not here; behold (singular), the place (nominative) where they laid Him. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said. Come, see (plural) the place (accusative) where He was lying.

Matt 13: 58 Mark 6: 5 -6 58 耶穌因為他們不信、就在那裡不多行 5 耶穌就在那裡不得行甚麼異能、不過 異能了。He did not do many mighty works there, because of their unbelief. 按手在幾個病人身上、治好他們。 6 他 也詫異他們不信、就往周圍鄉村教訓人 去了。And he could do no mighty work there, except that he laid his hands upon a few sick people and healed them. And he marveled because of their unbelief.