The Middle Ages 1 Miracle and Mystery plays

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• The Middle Ages 1. Miracle and Mystery plays 2. Trade Guilds 3.

• The Middle Ages 1. Miracle and Mystery plays 2. Trade Guilds 3. Pageants 4. Morality plays • Elizabethan Theatre 1. Stage 2. Actors 3. Scenes 4. Audience • The Globe Theatre

Mystery plays • they developed from the 10 th to the 16 th century

Mystery plays • they developed from the 10 th to the 16 th century • representation of scenes from the Bible • they were performed in churches

• little by little, out into the churchyard • then, on pageants •

• little by little, out into the churchyard • then, on pageants • responsibility taken on by the trade guilds

Miracle plays • Representation of lives of saints • Combination of professional and amateur

Miracle plays • Representation of lives of saints • Combination of professional and amateur actors • Performed on pageants • Acted in English

Trade Guilds • they were groups of tradesmen and artisans • guild derives from

Trade Guilds • they were groups of tradesmen and artisans • guild derives from the Old English geld, which means “payment” • on particular feast days they prepared biblical plays to perform

Pageants • processions associated with secular and religious rituals • important aspect of the

Pageants • processions associated with secular and religious rituals • important aspect of the celebration of Corpus Christi

• re-enacted the entire history of salvation • plays were performed in wagons

• re-enacted the entire history of salvation • plays were performed in wagons (pageants) • each sponsored by a guild

Morality plays • more refined • invented plots • personification of vices and virtues

Morality plays • more refined • invented plots • personification of vices and virtues • didactic purpose • written in vernacular

Everyman • Dutch Elkerlijk • late 15 th century • Everyman represents all mankind

Everyman • Dutch Elkerlijk • late 15 th century • Everyman represents all mankind • is summoned by God, tries to convince several friends to accompany him

• allegorical characters, personifying abstract ideas: • • • Fellowship Kindred, Cousin Goods

• allegorical characters, personifying abstract ideas: • • • Fellowship Kindred, Cousin Goods Good Deeds Knowledge Beauty, Strength, Discretion, Five Wits

Elizabethan Theatre • It was influenced by Humanism, which developed in all Europe •

Elizabethan Theatre • It was influenced by Humanism, which developed in all Europe • authors were supported by the Queen • the Queen had to approve all the plays (Master of Revels) • theatre was considered a form of entertainment and not an art

The Stage composed of: • a baldachin that covered it • the inner stage

The Stage composed of: • a baldachin that covered it • the inner stage behind a curtain • a balcony • a garret where there were machines • a trap door

The Audience • plays attracted people from all classes 1. Royals 2. Nobles 3.

The Audience • plays attracted people from all classes 1. Royals 2. Nobles 3. Commoners • a theatre could hold from 1500 to 3000 people

The Scene • actors used very simple objects • actors represented physical sensation and

The Scene • actors used very simple objects • actors represented physical sensation and feelings with words • theatre building was deeply linked with the performance

The actors The Actors • the reputation of early Elizabethan actors was not good

The actors The Actors • the reputation of early Elizabethan actors was not good • later they became the equivalent of today’s superstars • young boys played female roles

The Globe • it was built from the timbers of “ Theatre ” in

The Globe • it was built from the timbers of “ Theatre ” in 1559 • it went up on flames in 1613 • it was destroyed another time by Puritans in 1644 • most of the Globe and all of its stage was open air

• above the main entrance there was the inscription “Totus mundus agit histrionem"

• above the main entrance there was the inscription “Totus mundus agit histrionem" (the whole world is a playhouse) • Richard Burbage built the Globe for the Chamberlain’s Men • Shakespeare appeared as an actor on the Globe’s stage

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