The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework OntologyDriven Knowledge Engineering

The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework: Ontology-Driven Knowledge Engineering for ITS Authoring Dimitrios Sklavakis and Ioannis Refanidis dsklavakis@uom. gr, yrefranid@uom. gr Department of Applied Informatics University of Macedonia Thessaloniki GREECE KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 1

Overview n The MATHESIS Project q q n Tutor Representation in MATHESIS Ontology q q q n n n Bottom-up approach The MATHESIS Algebra Tutor, Ontology and Authoring Tools The OWL-S process model The Tutoring model The Program code model The Interface model The Authoring model The MATHESIS Authoring Tools Further Work Discussion KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 2

The MATHESIS Project Approach: Bottom – Up Ontological Engineering The MATHESIS Authoring Tools Guiding Tutor Authoring Through Searching in the Ontology and “Interpreting” the Authoring Model (OWL-S Processes) The MATHESIS Ontology: Declarative description of: ØUser Interface and Student Model using OWL (declarative knowledge of the tutor) ØDomain (Math) and Tutoring Model of the tutor as well as Authoring Model using OWL-S (procedural knowledge) The MATHESIS Algebra Tutor Declarative and Procedural Knowledge hard-coded in HTML and Java. Script Domain Experts’ Knowledge: Domain + Tutoring + Assessing + Programming KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 3

MATHESIS Algebra Tutor Screenshot Help, Hint and Error Messages Area Web. Eq Input Control for Student Answers Web. Eq Input Control for the Algebraic Expression being Rewriten Web. Eq Input Control for Intermediate Results KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 4

The OWL-S Process Model: Ontological Representation of Procedural Knowledge Part of the OWL-S process model used by the MATHESIS ontology KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 5

The OWL-S Process Model: Visual Representation of a Composite Process’ A composite process is a Structure tree whose non-terminal nodes are control constructs Leaf nodes are invocations of other processes, composite or atomic (Perform constructs) In MATHESIS Ontology, procedural knowledge is represented as OWL-S processes, composite or atomic KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 6

Tutor Representation in MATHESIS ITS_Implemented instance. Of monomial_multiplication_tutor has. Domain. Task has. Top. Interface. Elemen t Domain_Task HTMLObject instance. Of execute_monomial_multiplication document_49 has. Input. Knowledge. Components Domain_Knowledge_Component instance. Of monomial_1 monomial_2 monomial_3 KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 has. Output. Knowledge. Components has. Tutoring. Model ITS_Teaching_Model Isa ITS_Model_Tracing_Process instance. Of execute_monomial_multiplication-Model_Tracing_Algorithm “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 7

Representing the Tutoring Model: The Model-Tracing Process(KVL variation) Being procedural knowledge… …the modeltracing algorithm is represented as a composite porcess… …calling other composite processes for each tutoring task. KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 8

From Tutoring Processes to Java. Script code: monomial multiplication isa Atomic Process The Model-Tracing Process… …using a simple parsing grammar for Java. Script …calls The problem presentation process which initializes the user interface Every Java. Script statement is an instance. Of Java. Script code is represented… KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 9

Representation of the User Interface monomial_multiplication_tutor Visual Representation of the Interface has. Top. Interface. Element Document_49 has. First. Child Html_51 has. First. Child Head_53 has. Next. Sibling Body_54 has. First. Child Web. Eq_Input_Control_1 has. HTMLProperty has. Next. Sibling Web. Eq_Input_Control_2 has. HTMLProperty KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 Web. Eq_Input_Control_1_id html-property-name=“id” html-property-value=“expression. Input. Control” Web. Eq_Input_Control_2_id html-property-name=“id” html-property-value=“answer. Input. Control” “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 10

The MATHESIS Authoring Model (Onto. Math) The Tutor’s ontological representation can be created: a) From expert authors, using the Protégé OWL interface b) From non expert authors, by executing Authoring Processes, created by expert authors. Authoring processes are OWL-S processes, composite or atomic (Onto. Math statements), executed by the authoring tools: ØComposite authoring processes call other authoring processes, composite or atomic ØAtomic authoring processes are grounded to Java code which builds the tutor’s ontological representation through the Protégé API. KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 11

The Authoring Processes Ontology KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 12

Representing the Authoring Model: “Interpreting” the authoring processes For each tutoring task… There is a corresponding authoring process… …which can be further refined. KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 13

MATHESIS Authoring Tools Demo n n Tutor and Tutoring Processes Authoring Tools Execution of Authoring Processess KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 14

The MATHESIS Framework Further Work n n n Extend, Refine, Formalise the Ontology Represent the Algebra Tutor in the Ontology Create Authoring Tools: q q Parsers HTML ↔ MATHESIS Interface model Parsers Java. Script ↔ Java. Script. Statements KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 15

The MATHESIS Framework Discussion n n The use of ontological representation has all known advantages (openness, collaboration, reusability) and disadvantages (multiple incompatible dialects) of ontologies New approach: ontological representation of procedural knowledge (rules) through OWL-S processes. Both authoring and authored knowledge share the same representation and lie in the same place Newly authored tutors become new knowledge to be used for the next ones Maximum knowledge reuse anticipated KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 16

Thank you! You May Find More About The MATHESIS Project at http: //ai. uom. gr/dsklavakis Interactive Event at 7 pm KES 2011, Sep 13 th 2011 “The MATHESIS Semantic Authoring Framework", D. Sklavakis & I. Refanidis 17