4 01 B Authoring Languages and Web Authoring
4. 01 B Authoring Languages and Web Authoring Software 4. 01 Examine webpage development and design.
Authoring Languages § Used to control the appearance and functionality of webpages when displayed in a browser § Examples include: § § HTML (Hyper. Text Markup Language) XML (e. Xtensible Markup Language) XHTML (e. Xtensible HTML) HTML 5
HTML Hyper. Text Markup Language § First and still primary language for developing webpages/sites. § Uses codes, or tags, to instruct the browser how to display text and images. § Is platform independent. Example of HTML code <html> <title>Student Website</title> <b>Welcome to my website!</b> </html>
XML e. Xtensible Markup Language § Describes data types to facilitate data processing § Designed to carry data, not to display it § Allows the author to define tags to identify each data entry so that the data can be easily imported into other applications § Metadata—data about data Example of XML code <weather> <city>Atlanta</city> <state>Georgia</state> <temp>75</temp> </weather>
XHTML e. Xtensible Hyper. Text Markup Language § Combination of HTML and XML § Allows the designer to mix HTML and XML so that browsers can display and manage data correctly § Originally intended to replace HTML as dominant authoring language § Places restrictions on HTML tags so that code is cleaner and can display data as the author intended § Requires all HTML tag sets be closed § Requires lowercase tags § Many devices can’t interpret bad HTML code (mobile phones, PDAs)
HTML 5 § The latest revision of HTML. § It has been adopted by the W 3 C as the next HTML standard. § It merges some of the features of HTML and XHTML. § It is still being developed.
Website Enhancement Tools § Style Sheets § Describe how browsers should present or display information on a webpage. § Give web developers more control over layout and page formatting. § Scripting Languages § Lightweight programming languages used to create interactive webpages. § Applets § Short programs written in Java code that can be embedded into webpages.
<html> <head> CSS Cascading Style Sheets § Separates content from appearance and gives web authors more control over layout and page format § CSS code instructs the Web browser how to format each item. <style type="text/css"> h 1 {color: #00 ff 00} h 2 {color: #dda 0 dd} p {color: rgb(0, 0, 255)} </style> </head> <body> <h 1>This is header 1</h 1> <h 2>This is header 2</h 2> <p>This is a paragraph</p> </body> </html>
Pros and Cons of CSS Advantages § One style sheet can control the formatting for multiple webpages. § An entire website can be reformatted by editing one CSS file. § Styles can also be set internally. The CSS code is keyed in the header section of the html document. Disadvantages § May alter the ability of some devices to accurately read and display information. § Not all browsers recognize style sheets, especially older versions of browsers. § Many browsers do not recognize all the styles in CSS.
Java. Script § An object based § The Java. Script below scripting language that displays this dialog box in allows creation and the browser window: execution of procedures within a webpage. <html> § Does not require plugins (additional programs for the user to install). § Widely supported by most browsers. <head> <title>Java. Script Example</title> <script type="text/Java. Script"> var foo="Greetings, visitor!"alert(foo); </script> </head> <body> </html>
Java Applets § § § Short programs written in Java code Added to basic HTML and XHTML Used to add multimedia, animation, gaming, and other interactive elements to webpages to make them more interesting. http: //java. sun. com/applets/
Web Authoring Software § There are several web authoring software solutions available for authoring and managing websites. § Text Editors – allow developers to write code in plain text. § Examples: Notepad and Wordpad § Web Editors - provides a graphical user interface with menus containing commands to make webpage creation easier for developers. Examples include: § Adobe’s Dreamweaver § Microsoft’s Expression Web § Kompozer – open source software § Seamonkey – open source software § Website hosts also provide proprietary web software authoring solutions for managing pages stored on their sites.
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