THE JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 1840 Disputed Election of

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THE JACKSONIAN ERA (1824 -1840)

THE JACKSONIAN ERA (1824 -1840)

� Disputed Election of 1824 � John Quincy Adams wins over Jackson - chosen

� Disputed Election of 1824 � John Quincy Adams wins over Jackson - chosen by Congress b/c not ½ of electoral votes � Election of 1828 � Jackson dominates over Adams � Believed in Jacksonian Democracy Spread of political power to more people � Led to 2 new political parties Whigs – Adams, programs 4 national growth, spur economy Democrats – Jackson, roots of today’s party Began holding nominating conventions where all states had a say who they were electing

� Hired many ppl to work in gov. that were his supporters = spoils

� Hired many ppl to work in gov. that were his supporters = spoils system � Believed more citizens would prevent small group of wealthy men from controlling gov. � National Bank War � Thought National bank was unconstitutional & did not like private investors ran it � Whigs came up w/ plan to save bank & ruin Jackson’s rebid for election of 1832 � Plan backfired when ppl voted majority for Jackson � Bank closed & helped bring economic crisis & depression

MANIFEST DESTINY 1820 - 1860

MANIFEST DESTINY 1820 - 1860

� � Americans believed their nation & democratic gov. were best in the world

� � Americans believed their nation & democratic gov. were best in the world Believed we had right & duty to spread culture all the way to Pacific Ocean Open new opportunities 4 economy Negative Side: � White Americans believed they were superior to N. A. & Mexicans

Oregon Country � � Region west of Rocky Mounts. Soil by coast fertile and

Oregon Country � � Region west of Rocky Mounts. Soil by coast fertile and forests in east Britain & US agreed to occupy jointly Fur trappers named mountain men worked in area � Sold fur at rendezvous

� Missionaries were 1 st white Americans to permanently settle � Wanted to convert

� Missionaries were 1 st white Americans to permanently settle � Wanted to convert N. A. to Christianity � “Oregon Fever: � Led to Oregon Trail � Met in Missouri and took till October � Had schedule to follow daily � Had many dangers w/ weather & sickness

The Republic of Texas � Austin Family given land grants in Texas which was

The Republic of Texas � Austin Family given land grants in Texas which was part of Mexico � Had to become Mexican citizens & worship Roman Catholic Church � � � 1830 – Texans stop following rules so Mexico says no more Americans can come in & wants laws followed 1833 – Gen. Santa Anna become dictator of Mexico & wants Americans out Tejanos – ppl of Mexican descent born in Texas who supported Americans drive to get rid of Santa Anna

� � � Texans take position in Alamo, an old Spanish mission in San

� � � Texans take position in Alamo, an old Spanish mission in San Antonio Texans were severely outnumbered by troops 1836 – Mexicans began siege of bombarding Alamo for 12 days � Most Texan survivors were executed

� � Gen. Sam Houston worked hard to gain volunteers & wanted revenge Battle

� � Gen. Sam Houston worked hard to gain volunteers & wanted revenge Battle of San Jacinto – 1836 �“Remember the Alamo” �Lasted 18 min & although they were outnumbered they captured Santa Anna �Signed treaty for Independence known as Lone Star Republic �U. S. was divided whether to annex (add on) Texas

Southwest � Spain owned New Mexico Territory & California � Americans used Santa Fe

Southwest � Spain owned New Mexico Territory & California � Americans used Santa Fe Trail to N. M. Terr. � Missionaries & Ranches throughout Cali � James Polk becomes President in 1844 � Get U. S. & Britain to divide Oregon Territory @ 40 degrees North – US south of line � Annexed Texas after pretending they would ally with G. B.

� Mexican War – 1846 � War starts over land boundaries near Rio Grande

� Mexican War – 1846 � War starts over land boundaries near Rio Grande River � Defeated Mexico in Santa Fe, Mexico City, San Diego � Bear Flag Republic – Cali says they are indep. � Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo Mexican Cession – US gained N. M & all Cali US paid $15 million & respect rights of ppl in cession � Gadsden Purchase – 1853 Paid $10 million for Arizona and small part of N. M. today Many felt dream of Manifest Destiny completed

� Americans Rush West � Mormons came to Utah seeking refuge from persecution after

� Americans Rush West � Mormons came to Utah seeking refuge from persecution after many places by Brigham Young Hard journey and lived in desert Became state in 1896 � California Gold Rush 1848 – men from John Sutter’s mill were digging & found gold near Sacramento Kept a secret for short time b 4 masses in US & Europe came 49 -ners: ppl who came in 1849 to seek gold Most ppl did not strike it rich Led to California becoming a state in 1850, cities booming, & a diverse population

Life in the North � � New Inventions like the sewing machine, plow and

Life in the North � � New Inventions like the sewing machine, plow and telegraph (signals along a wire) sparked trade Factories started using steam power which was cheaper to run � Could build factories anywhere � Produced goods @ lower cost so overall price lower � Railroad Boom � 1829 – 1 st steam powered engine created � By 1850’s railroads all over country � Linked towns all over for businesses from west to east � Clipper ships – faster ships with large masts

� Horrible Factory Conditions � Owners cared more about $ and # produced then

� Horrible Factory Conditions � Owners cared more about $ and # produced then workers � Whole families worked from 4 am to 7 pm � Hazardous Conditions – no windows, heat, cold, no safety devices, no laws regulating conditions � Trade Unions � Workers organized for shorter workday, higher wages, and better working conditions � Wanted to strike (refuse) to work

� New Wave of Immigrants � 4 million people � British– came for higher

� New Wave of Immigrants � 4 million people � British– came for higher wages � Irish – potato famine (shortage of food) � Germans – food shortages & revolutions � Worked in farms & factories � Nativists – wanted to preserve US for native-born, white citizens so they did not like new immigrants � African Americans � Slavery outlawed in North � Faced discrimination – policy that denies equal rights � Some small successes

Life in the South � Cotton gin by Eli Whitney led to boom in

Life in the South � Cotton gin by Eli Whitney led to boom in cotton production � Needed new land to cultivate planting so moved west � Led to spread of slavery � Agricultural Economy � Rice, � � � sugar cane, tobacco, and livestock production Very little industry b/c no one to buy goods Cities: New Orleans, Charleston, Richmond Were economically dependent on North from $ from banks & tools/supplies

� � 75 % of southern whites owned small farms w/ only 1 or

� � 75 % of southern whites owned small farms w/ only 1 or 2 slaves Wealthy families were few with large plantations & more than 20 slaves Free Africans not allowed to travel or vote so as to not set a good example for slaves 1/3 of population slaves � Had slave codes – kept slaves from running or rebelling Couldn’t gather in groups larger than 3 Couldn’t learn to read or write � Most families were divided � Some tried to escape or rebel