Storage a systemwide service Energy Research Partnership Elon
- Slides: 18
Storage – a system-wide service
Energy Research Partnership “Elon Musk hails 'crazy' response to Tesla battery launch” (Guardian, 6 May 2015)
Energy Research Partnership Storage – what its not • …. all about electricity and batteries • …. an end in its own right • …. something new
Energy Research Partnership It’ called fire – it recycles wood!
Energy Research Partnership Why is storage so topical again ? • Decarbonisation - all agree on need to reduce carbon emissions • … but carbon is major source of energy storage – Oil (petrol and diesel) – Coal – Gas • This provides system resilience and flexibility • Unintended consequences of decarbonisation – Intermittency/security of supply – ‘Range anxiety’
6 Energy Research Partnership Replacing carbon storage – questions • • What are we trying to achieve? How much are we willing to pay? What services are needed What role can it play in balancing supply and demand? – Impact of electrification of heat and transport?
7 Energy Research Partnership What are we trying to achieve? • Time shift – across the day and the seasons • Location shift – mobility • Sector shift – heat, transport and electricity
Energy Research Partnership What are we trying to achieve? – storage characteristics • • Energy (k. Wh) Power (k. W) Duration (h) One or two-way Charging/Discharging rates Charging cycles Weight/volume
Energy Research Partnership What are we trying to achieve? – Energy 1 Wh OR 1, 000, 000 Wh
Energy Research Partnership How much are we willing to pay? £ 100 – £ 1, 000/k. Wh OR £ 0. 001 - £ 0. 01/k. Wh
Energy Research Partnership Storage technology characteristics
Energy Research Partnership Managing variable production January December
Energy Research Partnership January December Necessary storage capacity ~ 45 days
Energy Research Partnership Balancing demand - the impact of heat
Energy Research Partnership Seasonal gas storage
Energy Research Partnership Current storage comparison System Transport (car tanks) Storage (GWh) Cost (£/MWh) 10, 000 Gas Coal Heat Electricity (Pumped storage) 60, 000 30, 000 65 27 80 - 8, 000 >60, 000 30 - 100
Energy Research Partnership Current electricity sector examples: Storage used for: Current market Grid services (eg fast reserve) £ 150 m. pa (ca. £ 35/k. W. pa) Capacity/Back-up Currently £ 19. 40/k. W. pa (limited to £ 75) Constraint £ 0. 15/k. Wh avoidance (limited volume) Arbitrage Limited volume (£ 0. 001 £ 0. 10/k. Wh) Grid services - a limited market (£ 100 m’s) Capacity - large quantum, but must be low/competitive cost Constraint payments naturally volume and time limited Arbitrage - naturally limited
1 Energy Research Partnership 8 Seasonal storage – probably the biggest challenge • In the short to mid-term, natural gas can still provide capacity • Other solutions must displace this (all year round), otherwise just an extra cost
