Socioemotional Development in Infancy CHAPTER 6 Lecture prepared

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Socioemotional Development in Infancy CHAPTER 6 Lecture prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney

Socioemotional Development in Infancy CHAPTER 6 Lecture prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney

Where we are going… Emotional and Personality Development � Emotional Development � Temperament �

Where we are going… Emotional and Personality Development � Emotional Development � Temperament � Personality Development Social Orientation/Understanding and Attachment � Social Orientation � Attachment

Emotional & Personality Development What are Emotions? � Positive Emotions � Negative Emotions What

Emotional & Personality Development What are Emotions? � Positive Emotions � Negative Emotions What influences Emotions? � Biological Foundations � Person’s Experience

Emotions Kinds of Emotions Primary Emotions vs Self Conscious Emotions Jealousy in infants? https:

Emotions Kinds of Emotions Primary Emotions vs Self Conscious Emotions Jealousy in infants? https: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=r. Ex. Dg. S 2 l 1 fc

Emotional Expressions in Infants Fear, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Surprise

Emotional Expressions in Infants Fear, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Surprise

How did you do? Fear Sadness Disgust Happiness Anger Surprise

How did you do? Fear Sadness Disgust Happiness Anger Surprise

Emotional Expression Crying Basic cry Anger cry Panic cry http: //www. youtube. com/w atch?

Emotional Expression Crying Basic cry Anger cry Panic cry http: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=0 Rc 8 PZEoq. UA Smiling Reflexive smiling Social smiling

Fear Develops around 6 months and peaks at about 18 months Less fearful of

Fear Develops around 6 months and peaks at about 18 months Less fearful of strangers � Familiar environment � If the baby is given time to “warm up” to the stranger Separation Protest: Begins at 7 -8 month and peaks at 15 month

Temperament involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions and characteristic way of responding �

Temperament involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions and characteristic way of responding � has biological foundations � refers to individual differences � is modifiable by environment

Temperament Types Chess & Thomas’s Temperament Type � Easy babies � Difficult babies �

Temperament Types Chess & Thomas’s Temperament Type � Easy babies � Difficult babies � Slow-to-warm-up-babies Kagan’s Behavioral Inhibition � https: //www. youtube. com/watc h? v=CGj. O 1 Kwlt. Ow Rothbart & Bates Temperament Types � Extravesion/surgency � Negative affectivity � Effortful control

Goodness of fit (Thomas & Chess, 1977) Match between a child’s temperament and the

Goodness of fit (Thomas & Chess, 1977) Match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope Well matched pair Less well-matched pair

Personality Development Erikson’s Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson’s Autonomy vs. Shame Developing sense of self

Personality Development Erikson’s Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson’s Autonomy vs. Shame Developing sense of self http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=M 2 I 0 kw. Sua 44

Social Orientation/Understanding Social orientation � Face-to-face play Social referencing: � Infants’ social sophistication and

Social Orientation/Understanding Social orientation � Face-to-face play Social referencing: � Infants’ social sophistication and insight http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=h_UHk. FUz. HQA

Attachment What is attachment? Can you think of 2 people you are attached to

Attachment What is attachment? Can you think of 2 people you are attached to and reflect why that relationship involves attachment?

Harlow’s Experiment (1959) Aim: To find out whether feeding or contact comfort was more

Harlow’s Experiment (1959) Aim: To find out whether feeding or contact comfort was more important to infant attachment. Participants: Eight newborn rhesus monkey separated from their mothers immediately after birth Result: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_O 60 TYAIg. C 4

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory: Proposed that both infants and parents are biologically predisposed to form

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory: Proposed that both infants and parents are biologically predisposed to form attachments Phases of Attachment Phase 1: Non focused orienting & signaling Phase 2: Focus on one or more figures Phase 3: Development of specific attachment Phase 4: Become aware of others’ feelings

Quality of Attachment Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1979) Parent & Child Alone Child plays with

Quality of Attachment Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1979) Parent & Child Alone Child plays with parent in the room Stranger enters room, starts to interact with parent & then with child Parent leaves the room, child & stranger are alone in the room Parent returns and comforts the child http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s 60807 7 Nt. NI

Types of Attachment Securely attached babies Insecure avoidant babies Insecure resistant babies Insecure disorganized

Types of Attachment Securely attached babies Insecure avoidant babies Insecure resistant babies Insecure disorganized babies

Cultural differences in attachment German babies show avoidant attachment Japanese babies show resistant attachment

Cultural differences in attachment German babies show avoidant attachment Japanese babies show resistant attachment Secure attachment is seen in every culture

Social Context Influence on Infant Development Transition to parenthood Reciprocal socialization Managing Infant’s Behavior

Social Context Influence on Infant Development Transition to parenthood Reciprocal socialization Managing Infant’s Behavior Child Care

Managing & Correcting Undesirable Behavior

Managing & Correcting Undesirable Behavior

Interpreting Differences in Attachment Does early attachment predict child’s social behavior in later development.

Interpreting Differences in Attachment Does early attachment predict child’s social behavior in later development. Developmental cascade model: Involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes

Developmental Social Neuroscience and Attachment Important role in maternal attachment behavior Role of hormones

Developmental Social Neuroscience and Attachment Important role in maternal attachment behavior Role of hormones and neurotransmitters

Name that Attachment Relationship! A baby in this group might say “I missed you

Name that Attachment Relationship! A baby in this group might say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay. ” Secure A baby in this group might say “You left me again. I always have to take care of myself. ” Insecure/Avoidant

Name that Attachment Relationship! A baby in this group might say “Why do you

Name that Attachment Relationship! A baby in this group might say “Why do you do this? I get so angry when you’re like this. ” Resistant A baby in this group might say “What’s going on here? I want you to be here, but you left and now you’re back. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry. ” Disorganized