Sciences Comments on the University of Geneva participation

Sciences Comments on the University of Geneva participation to Co. EPP Allan Clark DPNC University of Geneva Congratulations on the success of the Co. EPP initiative A. Clark 1

Faculty Research – National Poles of Excellence Science Faculty is Home Institute in 3 National Centres of Excellence - Physiques of new materials (condensed matter physics) - Genetics - Biological Génétique In addition, participation in 5 National Centres of Excellence that have other home institutes Participation in > 30 EU projects To give other examples: – Particle Physics is part of a national coordination (CHIPP) and is closely aligned to CERN. – Astronomy is closely aligned to ESO and Federal Space Office – Bio-informatics is coordinated nationally A. Clark 2

Physics Section and Astronomy Department - Département de physique théorique (DPT) - Départment de physique de matière condensée (DPMC) + lead house MANEP (NCCR Excellence Centre) - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (DPNC) - Groupe de physique appliquée (GAP) - Observatoire de Genève - Integral Science Data Centre (ISDC) - CAP (a new initiative loosely linking DPT, DPNC, ISDC) A. Clark http: //www. unige. ch/sciences/physique/index. html 3

Teaching in the Physics Section Bologna System - 6 semester Bachelor - 2 semester course work + 1 semester thesis Master - 3 year Doctorate ( typically 4 years, maximum 5 years) Bachelor courses include 2 years of general courses and laboratory. The third year includes introductory courses in each of – – Astronomy and Cosmology Nuclear and Particle Physics Condensed Matter Physics A wide range of optional and advanced courses – The ERASMUS program is widely used for student exchange Master and Doctoral programs available in each of the departments, with specialisation in the research programs of the department and specialised advanced course work – Exchanges and equivalences between different universities are now widely encouraged – Excellence Bursaries are now available (Faculty of Science) A. Clark 4

DPMC – Condensed Matter Physics Øystein Fischer (head Manep) – scanning tunneling spectroscopy of novel superconductors, the high Tc family Thierry Giamarchi – Condensed matter theory, emphasis on strongly correlated systems, high Tc superconductors, quantum magnetism, electronic structure, cold atomic gases Alberto Murpurgo – Quantum electronic measurements including new nano-electronic applications Patrycia Paruch – Ferroelectric domain walls (disordered systems) – Combining ferroelectric oxide thin films with carbon nanotubes etc Christoph Renner – Correlated electron systems and exotic quantum properties in low dimension systems Jean-Marc Triscone – Interface physics with thin oxide films – high Tc and also exotic magnetic, ferroelectric and semiconducting oxides Dirk van der Marel (Director) – Optical techniques to study electronic excitations in correlated systems All these Faculty are part of the Swiss-wide MANEP consortium A. Clark http: //dpmc. unige. ch 5

DPT – Theoretical Physics Activities Faculty Markus Büttiker Eugene Sukhorukov Corinna Kollath Claudia de Rham Ruth Durrer Michele Maggiore – Mesoscopic systems and condensed matter theory – cosmology – the Early Universe, Dark Energy, Extra Dimensions – cosmology and particle physics – gravitational waves, cosmology of the Early Universe, particle physics Marcos Mariño Beiras – mathematical and topological aspects of String Theory and Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Gravity Peter Wittwer – fluid mechanics, partial differential equations http: //theory. physics. unige. ch/ A. Clark 6

DPNC – Activities Faculty: A. Blondel, A. Clark, G. Iacobucci, M. Pohl (T. Montaruli from October 1) + A. Bravar, D. Rapin, X. Wu, M. Nessi Astroparticles – M. Pohl, D. Rapin – – AMS on the Space Station POLAR to measure the polarisation of high energy gamma ray bursts CTA project +…… Close links to ISDC in context of CAP Neutrinos – A. Blondel – T 2 K experiment (Japan) – including NA 61 experiment at CERN – MICE experiment (UK) – European R&D towards future neutrino beams Large Hadon Collider and ATLAS – A. Clark, G. Iacobucci, M. Nessi, M. Pohl, X. Wu – ATLAS experiment – construction of IBL, physics analyses – R&D on silicon detectors towards future Collider activities – Very strong links to CERN – Very strong links to other Swiss HEP institutes (CHIPP) – Several Australian students over the years (Bourses de la Confedération etc) A. Clark http: //dpnc. unige. ch 7

GAP – Activities Biophotonics – Jean-Pierre Wolf – applications of ultrafast spectroscopy for biological, medical, and environmental research – novel experimental schemes to control molecular dynamics in biological systems – study non-linear phenomena induced by very intense femtosecond lasers, including atmospheric phenomena Optics – Nicolas Gisin – Quantum cryptography and quantum communication – Nonlocality and entanglement – Quantum memories – Fibre optics Superconducting materials – Superconducting wire development (including high Tc) for MRI magnets etc with emphasis on high magnetic fields Quantum Electronics – (see work of Morpurgo in DPMC and Manep) Climate Change and Climate Impact – Martin Beniston – Part of Institute of Environmental Studies, with Earth Science – Member of NCCR on Climate Change, and other FP 7 etc programs – Main thrust is climate data analysis and regional climate modelling A. Clark 8

ASTRONOMY – Activities Extra-solar Planets and Stellar Kinematics – Stéphane Udry (+ Michel Mayor) – Search for extra-solar planets (+ discovery of first extra-solar planet, 51 pegasi b) – Rotational velocity measurements (HARPS) – A lead institute in the ESA PLATO initiative Stellar Evolution– Georges Meynet – Star rotation, stellar evolution modelling, nucleosynthesis etc Extragalactic Modelling and Observation– Daniel Schaerer – Gravitational lensing for distant galaxies etc Photometry and Gaia – Gilbert Burki – Star variability, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Gamma-ray bursts, etc ISDC- INTEGRAL Science Data Centre – Thierry Courvoisier – – – AGN’s, stellar variability, young star evolution Integral (Data centre) –”high energy” gamma rays, gamma bursts, etc Very high energy astrophysics with gamma rays (CTA project) Acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays Participation in Plank, Gaia, Polar, Astro-H Future participation in EUCLID – http: //www. unige. ch/sciences/astro/ – Extensive use of international facilities (La Palma, la Silla ESO etc) – Close collaboration with EPFL (Georges Meylan, weak lensing) and with cosmology (DPT) as well as particle physics (DPNC) leading to CAP A. Clark 9

Comments on Geneva ATLAS Group Activities AMS INTEGRAL RHESSI etc MAGIC Discovery potential determined primarily by LHC machine performance. Accelerator and hardware development essential Melbourne and Sydney were important partners in ATLAS Now extended to Co. EPP partners A. Clark 10

The ATLAS detector Spectrometer coverage |h|<2. 7 Trigger and measurement for µ dp/p < 10% to Eµ ~ 1 Te. V EM calorimeter, e/g trigger, ID, measurement s/E ~ 10%/√E 0. 007 HAD calorimeter (jets, MET) Tiles(central), Cu/W-Lar (fwd) E-resolution: s/E ~ 50%/√E 0. 03 Fwd cal: s/E ~ 90%/√E 0. 07 3 -level trigger rate to tape ~200 Hz Inner Detector (|h|<2. 5) Track and Vertex reconstruction s/p. T ~ 3. 8 x 10 -4 p. T (Ge. V) 0. 015 Length: ~45 m Radius: ~12 m Weight: ~7000 tons A. Clark 2 T magnetic field 11

ATLAS at LHC – Energy and Luminosity 1014 1012 108 106 AMS 104 MAGIC 102 100 W. Stirling A. Clark RHESSI etc Geneva Collider group historically involved in: - CERN Spp. S experiments (UA 1, UA 2) - Fermilab Tevatron experiments (CDF) - Now ATLAS Activities have included: – detector R&D + detector construction – trigger development – physics analyses Partners in ATLAS with Bern University 12

ATLAS at LHC – the Geneva group Faculty: Allan Clark, Peppe Iacobucci Martin Pohl Xin Wu (Marzio Nessi) Physicists: Paul Bell William Bell Sergio Gonzales José Navarro Garcia Marc Goulette Andrew Hamilton Alison Lister Gabi Pasztor AMS Applied Physicist: Doctoral Students: Gauthier Alexandre Moritz Backes Elina Berglund Eleonora Benhar Noccioli Francesca Bucci Valerio Dao Clemencia Mora Herrera Snezana Nektarijevic Katalin Nikolics Attilio Picazio Kilian Rosbach Ian Watson with Sydney Katalin Nikolics with CERN Ahmed Abdelalim with CERN/Egypt RHESSI etc Didier Ferrere MAGIC A. Clark 13

ATLAS at LHC – Luminosity 2011 … Lint = 707 (674) pb-1 W. Stirling 1014 1012 108 106 104 AMS 102 100 RHESSI etc Interactions per bunch crossing MAGIC A. Clark 2010 … Lint = 48 (45) pb-1 14

ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities I 1992 – 2009 R&D, construction and integration/commissioning of the ATLAS silicon tracker Modules Electronics Mechanics A. Clark 15

ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities II 2009 – 2013 R&D, construction and integration/commissioning of the ATLAS IBL pixel detector A. Clark 16

ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities III 2010 – … R&D towards a new silicon tracker (collaboration with KEK) Modules Electronics Mechanics A. Clark 17

ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Attitude has been to successively: – understand the detector – understand the Standard Model – move towards searches The LHC + ATLAS experience has been so successful that we have been “taken by surprise”. Analyses with major Uni. Ge participation: – minimum bias cross-section (900 Ge. V, 7 Te. V) – W cross-section analysis – Rjet analysis in (W/Z + jets) production – Inclusive lepton (e±)cross-section – Top pair production cross-section + major participation in electron and trigger performance papers Analyses in an early phase – top pair production with associated jets – t’ searches – W’ searches and study of high-ET single e± and e± pair production A. Clark 18

ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Charged-particle multiplicities vs. p. T for events with nch ≥ 2, p. T> 100 Me. V and |eta| < 2. 5$ at sqrt(s) = 0. 9 and 7 Te. V. New J Phys 13 (2011) 053033 (22 Dec 2010) Phys Lett B 688, 1, 21 (15 March 2010) A. Clark 19

ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Measured and predicted W vs. Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios. ATLAS-CONF-2011 -041 A. Clark 20

ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Differential cross-section as a function of the charged lepton transverse momentum for |η| < 2. 0 excluding the 1. 37 < |η| < 1. 52 region. The results for electrons and muons with statistical plus systematic uncertainties are shown. The measurements are compared to the prediction of the FONLL calculation (light blue bands: 68% uncertainty bands), the NLO calculation and the prediction of PYTHIA, POWHEG+PYTHIA and POWHEG+HERWIG. The ratio of the measured cross-section and the other predicted cross-sections to the FONLL prediction is given in the bottom plot. A. Clark 21

ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Measurements of σ_ttbar from ATLAS (and CMS) in pp collisions, and CDF/D 0 in p-pbar collisions, compared to theoretical predictions assuming a mt = 172. 5 Ge. V as a function of √s. ATLAS-CONF-2011 -040 A. Clark 22

Conclusion – life not easy but a lot of fun Initial state parton shower Signal process Final state parton shower Fragmentation Hadron decays Beam remnants Underlying event Monte Carlo generator representation Sherpa A. Clark 23