Rosalind Franklin f 1920 d 1958 Francis Harry

Rosalind Franklin f. 1920 – d. 1958 Francis Harry Compton Crick f. 1916 – d. 2004 James Dewey Watson f. 1928 Rosalind Franklin's røntgen diffraktions billede af DNA, 1953 Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins f. 1916 – d. 2004

DET CENTRALE DOGME DNA 2 RNA 3 PROTEIN 1 DNA 1. REPLICATION (DNA SYNTESE) 2. TRANSKRIPTION (RNA SYNTESE) 3. TRANSLATION (PROTEIN SYNTESE)

Dobbelt-strenget DNA

Basernes Struktur Purines Pyrimidines

Nucleoside [structure of deoxyadenosine] Nucleotide

Nomenklatur Base Nucleosid +deoxyribose Nucleotid +phosphat Puriner adenin guanin adenosin guanosin Pyrimidiner thymin cytosin thymidin cytidin +ribose uracil uridin

Structure of the DNAii). Struktur DNA double helix polynucleotid kæde 5’ 3’ • polynucleotide chain • 3’, 5’-phosphodiester bond

A-T base pair Hydrogen binding af baser G-C base pair Chargaff’s rule: The content of A equals the content of T, and the content of G equals the content of C in double-stranded DNA from any species

Genom størrelse i nucleotid par (basepar) plasmider vira bakterier svampe planter alger insekter bløddyr fisk Størrelsen af det humane genom er ca. 3 X 109 bp. amfibier Det humane genom indeholder ca. 30, 000 to 40, 000 gener. reptiler fugle Pattedyr 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011

Gen struktur promoter region exon +1 introns (mellem exons) transkriberet region m. RNA struktur 5’ 3’ translateret region

Strukturen af forskellige gener histone total = 400 bp; exon = 400 bp b-globin total = 1, 660 bp; exons = 990 bp HGPRT (HPRT) total = 42, 830 bp; exons = 1263 bp faktor VIII total = ~186, 000 bp; exons = ~9, 000 bp

DNA Replication

EM af et polysom