Trick or Treat Vinay and Darbelnet 1958 Comparative

Trick or Treat

Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) ► Comparative Stylistics of French and English ► 等価な翻訳とは「全く異なる言葉を用いてオリ ジナルと同一の状況を再現すること」 ► 2つの一般的翻訳方略 1）direct translation（直接的翻訳）literal translationと同じ意味。 2）oblique translation（間接的翻訳）：free translationに該当。

Nida & Taber (1969: 33)

Nidaの実例 ► Greek ST: egeneto anthropos, apestalmenos para theou, onoma auto loannes ► literal transfer: became/happened man, sent from god, name to-him John ► minimal transfer: There came/was a man, sent from God, whose name was John ► literary transfer: 　 　1) There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John 　2) A man, named John was sent by God

From Munday (2001: 50)

翻訳研究の嚆矢 ► James Holmes (1972) ‘The name and nature of translation studies’ 　 　翻訳研究Translation Studiesの枠組みを示す ► (1)実証部門 empirical branch ► (2)理論研究部門 theoretical branch ► (3)応用研究部門 applied branch

Dimensions of Communicative Preference ► German ► English directness ► 明示性 explicitness ► 内容に焦点 focus on content ► 間接性 ► 直接性 indirectness ► 暗示性 implicitness ► 人に焦点 focus on persons

操作学派 Manipulation School ► Even-Zohar: 多元システム理論 ► Toury: 記述的翻訳研究(DTS) ► Lefevere: 書き換え rewritingとしての翻訳 ► Bassnett ► Hermans

► OLIVIA: Anybody home? ► VINCENT: Just us mice. ► Olivia smiles and drops her head onto the pillow. ► OLIVIA: (chuckles) ► Vincent turns his attention back toward the model. ► Olivia looks at Vincent. ► OLIVIA: (sighs) (1) Is there something we could drink that'll make us two inches tall? ► (2) Then we could move in.

「文化的転回」 Cultural Turn 3 directional equivalence の 理論への移行 (Pym) ► Venuti (1995) The Translator’s Invisibility ► Domestication vs. Foreignization: 　「受容化」(domestication)に対する「異質化」 (foreignization)という翻訳方略（翻訳者への抵 抗の呼びかけ） ► 「一方向的等価」

1950年代：個人的（思弁的）理論 ► Jean Herbert ► J. -F. Rozan ► G. Ilg ► Eva Paneth ► H. van Hoof ► Otto Kade ► C. Cartellieri

1977 NATO Symposium ► Venice Conference ► Gerver and Sinaiko (Eds. ) (1978) Language Interpretation and Communication ► GerverやMoser, Seleskovitchなど様々な分野 の研究者が一堂に会した

通訳のプロセス (deverbalization) 　　　　　　sense deverbalization SL reverbalization TL

＜統合・構築モデル＞Construction-Integration Model

＜統合・構築モデル＞　その 2 ► 1) 表層的言語表示：micropropositionに相当 ► 2) 命題的テキストベース：macroproposition, macrostructureに相当 ► 3) 状況表示 　　　　　　2), 3)がテキストの「意味」に相当する ＜例文＞ 　When a baby has a septal defect, the blood cannot get rid of enough carbon dioxide through the lungs. Therefore, it looks purple.

簡略化された Cowanモデル Central Executive FOA Activated Memory LTM

言語理解・産出システムとの関係 (Mizuno 2005) Central Executive Language Comprehension System FOA LTM Activated memory Language Production System

注意の焦点と容量 (Mizuno 2005) 1 2 3 4 5 6 focus of attention displacement next item

注意の焦点内部の処理 on the fifth of June 1947 Fifty years ago Today we 今日　私たちは commemorate a man and his vision 一人の人間と　彼のビジョンを

I believe strongly that The United States, with its allies will try to preserve 私の考えでは the security of the Korean Peninsula… アメリカは、同盟諸国 とともに 朝鮮半島の安全 保障を

Berk-Seligsonの分析例 Prosecuting Attorney: And how old are you? ► Interpreter: 　　　　　　 (How old are you? ) ► Witness: 　　　(Twenty years old. ) ► Interpreter: 　　I am twenty years old. ► Prosecuting Attorney: And what is your occupation? ► Interpreter: 　　(And what is your occupation? ) ► Witness: 　　　(Working in the field. ) ► Interpreter: 　　I am a laborer in the fields. ► Prosecuting Attorney: Of what country are you a citizen? ► Interpreter: 　　(Of what country are you a citizen? ) ► Witness: 　　　(Of Michoacan. ) ► Interpreter: 　　 I am from the state of Michoacan. ►

Wadensjö (1998) より(1) ► 1 officer: can you show me where? (handing over the passport) 2 interpreter: eh can you show where? (handing over the passport) ► 3 applicant: oh no. not in THIS one. ► 4 interpreter: no not in [this one. ► 5 applicant: 　　 [this is see, in the Soviet ► passport this one is a union passport isn’t it. [given to those 6 ► 7 interpreter: [this is an ► 8 international passport and I had in mind an internal one… ►

Wadensjö (1998) より(2) ► Judge: Can you tell the court to your best, to the best of her recollection, the best of her memory? ► interpreter: ¿Pero algo recuerda usted? ► Gloss: But you remember something?

triangulationの通訳研究への応用例 Hild (2007)

研究の進め方 ► 参考文献： D. et al. (2001). Getting Started in Interpreting Research (John Benjamins) ► Jenny Williams and Andrew Chesterman (2002). The MAP: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies. (St. Jerome Publishing) ► Gile,

通訳研究と翻訳研究 Interpreting Studies and Translation Studies 　翻訳研究　　　　　　　通訳研究