Recent and some old Results from PHENIX and

Recent (and some old) Results from PHENIX (and RHIC, LHC) Shin. Ichi Esumi Inst. of Physics Univ. of Tsukuba Contents Bulk properties (Soft) : collective expansion effects Energy loss (Hard) : high p. T / jet suppressions Soft / Hard interplay : jet / bulk modification ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 1

SQM 06, Yifei Zhang Radial expansion --- freeze-out time dependence --- Au. Au Central charm hadron Au. Au Central strangeness hadron t f u o o y or reeze t s i f H n o r had SQM 06, Yifei Zhang ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Au. Au Central , K, p Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 2

Quark momentum distribution --- extracted from multi-strange hadron ratio --ar. Xiv: 0801. 2265 [nucl-th] d- qu ar k sq ua rk d-q uar Hadron k s-q u ark Collective radial expansion -during the partonic phase -before the hadronic phase Quark coalescence or recombination mechanism for the hadronization ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 3

Hadron Partonic collectivity --- particle identified v 2 --Number of constituent quark scaling in hadron v 2 as well as multi-strange baryon v 2: v 2 is already established during the quark phase before the hadronization. This seems to be true even for heavy quark like charm. QM 08: A. Dion QM 06 STAR preliminary ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 4

Higher order anisotropy v 4 vs v 2 PRL 105, 062301 (2010) --- relation with hydro expansion --v 2 > 0 v 2 < 0 ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China v 4 > 0 v 4 < 0 Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 5

Parity violation signal --- charge asymmetry w. r. t. R. P. --- L or B Fuqiang Wang, this morning ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 6

Jet quenching No energy loss for g‘s --- energy loss of parton in QGP ----- difference between hadron and direct photon --- v 2 RAA Energy loss for quark and gluon jets (similar even for heavy quark) PHENIX preliminary ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 7

Particle species dependence of suppression (RAA) --- some quark flavor difference? --- ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 8

Understanding of high p. T 0 v 2 and RAA simultaneously --- assumption of a common origin : energy loss --- PRL 105, 142301 (2010) p. T (Ge. V/c) Models explaining measured RAA do not usually explain measured v 2. Jiangyong Jia, this afternoon ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 9

Two particle correlation (associate per trigger) --- two different features at low/high p. T regions --PRL 104, 252301 (2010), ar. Xiv: 1002. 1077 IAA is slightly higher than RAA less suppressed than singles surface/tangential bias? enhancement / suppression broadening / un-modified shape ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 10

Reaction plane (path length) dependent energy loss --- one of dominant sources of v 2 at high p. T --- thickness dependence of penetration is more dominant than tangential surface emission. QM 04: STAR ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 11

QM 09: PHENIX c 2(data) - c 2(flow) in-plane trigger selection (4) s=[-1, 0] /8 (5) s=[0, 1] /8 (3) s=[-2, -1] /8 (6) s=[1, 2] /8 Geometrical dependence or effect from expansion? 200 Ge. V Au+Au -> h-h mid-central : 20 -50% p. TTrig=2~4 Ge. V/c p. TAsso=1~2 Ge. V/c (1) (7) (3) (2) s=[-3, -2] /8 (7) s=[2, 3] /8 in-plane associate regions (1) s=[-4, -3] /8 (8) s=[3, 4] /8 average (6) (4) (5) (4) (6) strong preference of associate particle emission towards the in-plane (thinner) direction in-plane (3) (7) relatively lower p. T left/right trigger w. r. t. R. P. left/right associate w. r. t. trigger out-of-plane trigger selection (8) (2) (8) (1) s = Trig. R. P. [ ] not significant but some reversed trend at out-of-plane PHENIX preliminary Asso. Trig. (rad) ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 12

the same data in polar plots (R. P. is x axis) --- associate distribution for a given trigger direction --out-of-plane trigger 3 /8 < | Trig. - R. P. | < /2 200 Ge. V Au+Au -> h-h (p. TTrig=2~4 Ge. V/c, p. TAsso=1~2 Ge. V/c) in-plane trigger | Trig. - R. P. | < /8 penetration mid-central (20 -50%) R. P. central (0 -20%) surface averaged over all trigger angles peripheral (50 -93%) base line ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Trigger angle PHENIX preliminary Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 13

nothing left? Hard Probe 2010, G. Roland R. P. dependence (left/right asymmetry) still holds ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 14

Ridge is seen at high multiplicity p+p(LHC) CMS, CERN Seminar, Sept. 21, 2010 CERN-PH-EP/2010 -031 ar. Xiv: 1009. 4122 v 1 long range correlation is also seen at ISR, Spp. S, Fermi lab. consistent with CGC picture? what if there is v 2 in p+p? seen in Au+Au at RHIC, but not in Cu+Cu? remember a large v 2 in Cu+Cu at RHIC STD ~ part (Au+Au) STD << part (Cu+Cu) Hard Probe 2010, J. Putschke ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 15

, Jet, 0 Hard Probe 2010, Yue Shi Lai - hadron correlation --- Comparisons are the most important! --cone size dependent jet suppression can be understood by recovering of energy loss with a larger cone. can be used to give a controlled bias in analysis and in triggering. r to rgy e s clo n ene d an arto r e r s ial p o l ge C init g i tr a the mm a er G g g i ) tr R rge a l t( Je er g trig ) ll R a (sm t r Je ge g i ) tr n dro ias a b 0 (h ace f r su s e r o y los m nd nerg a e re mo en by giv ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 16

Back-to-back Jet Calorimeter for LHC-ALICE experiment D-CAL upgrade ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 17

-Triggered Away-side Correlations: Jet Fragmentation Function in p+p and Au+Au total jet energy is carried by QM 09 PHENIX so ftn ing of F. F. in Au +A u • p+p: b = 6. 89 ± 0. 64 • Au+Au: b = 9. 49 ± 1. 37 IAA -had ~ RAAhad is naively expected and confirmed. Slightly higher IAA -had from surface/tangential bias. ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 18

Direct photon at low p. T --- path to the initial temperature ----- thermal photon radiation from QGP ----- v 2 of these photons for further tests --- prompt photon production from initial binary collisions can explain the measured direct photon spectra at p+p and d+Au for entire p. T region and also at Au+Au for high p. T region, however not at mid-central to central Au+Au collisions especially for lower p. T region below 3 Ge. V/c ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China PRL 104, 132301 ar. Xiv: 0804. 4168 v 1 Slope parameter (0 -20%): T = (221 ± 23 ± 18) Me. V Various Hydro models: TInitial = 300~600 Me. V Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 19

Summary * Transverse momentum distribution --- radial flow * Elliptic and higher order event anisotropy --- elliptic flow * Charge asymmetry --- possible parity violation * High p. T/jet suppression RAA and v 2 --- energy loss * Jet modification via correlation --- feed back to bulk property * Ridge, Mach-cone like structure vs triangular anisotropy * Controlled biases with direct photon, jet and single hadron * Initial temperature with thermal photon (and lepton pairs…) ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 20

ATHIC 2008 in Tsukuba, S. Esumi trigger y D x (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) p IA p+ H T Y P away side near side away side of a back-to-back(b-t-b) jet is wider in than in If there are two parallel b-t-b jets, away side of one b-t-b jet can be near side of the another b-t-b jet. Suppression as well as modification of b-t-b jet would depend on relative angle w. r. t. almond geometry, we know this from v 2 measurement and believe this is the major source of v 2 at high p. T. Therefore, there should be inter b-t-b jets correlation give by the geometry from (3), this could make near side ridge like effect, especially if the effect (3) has shaper dependence than v 2(=cos 2 x). We always measure inclusive v 2, which includes the effect (3). Therefore any modification which could generates the elliptic anisotropy would be included in the measured v 2. We subtract BG contribution with this v 2 from (5) by maximizing BG contribution assuming zero jet yield at minimum at any d. If near and away side jets overlap each other, this subtraction underestimates the jet yield and can change the extracted jet shape. If you extract angular dependence of jet w. r. t. R. P. , the results will easily be affected by the choice of v 2 from (5). ATHIC 2010, 18/Oct/2010, Wuhan, China Dh Shin. Ichi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba ) D (rad 21