Project Management Project Management is very important discipline

Project Management • Project Management is very important discipline. Project Management Institute has defined it- A temporary endeavor taken to create a unique product or services. Project management can be seen all walk of life. Government undertakes many projects which in turns is able to create infrastructural facilities like Hospital, School and colleges road projects on national level. Metro rail projects being under taken by many states like Karnataka, Maharashtra

Why Project management? • The basic purpose of initiating any project is to accomplish specific goals. The reason for organizing the project task as a project is to focus the responsibility and authority for the attainment of goals on an individual or small group. The projects that command the most public attention tend to be large, complex , multidisciplinary endeavors

continued • The complexities and multidisciplinary aspects of the projects require that many parts be put together so that prime objectives – Performance, time(or schedule) and cost- are met • Techniques of project management were deployed , mostly by the military, the use of project organization began to spread.

continued • The Project Manager(PM) is expected to integrate all aspects of projects , ensure that the proper knowledge and resources are available when and where needed, above all , ensure that the expected results are produced in a timely , cost effective manner. The complexity of the problems faced by the PM, taken together with the rapid growth in number of project oriented organization has contributed to the professionalization.

Understand the context of project management Recognize project team conflict as progress Understand who the stake holders are and what they want Accept and use the political nature of organization Build and maintain a cohesive team Lead from the front

Enthusiasm and despair both are infectious One look forward is worth two looks back Use time carefully or it will use you Remember what are you trying to do. Understand what success means Above all, plan Above twelve Points must be remember by P M

Project evaluation factors • When ever a project is selected for execution certain factors are considered and evaluated. Some of the factors are 1) Production factors 2) Marketing factors 3) Financial factors 4) Personnel factors 5) Administrative and miscellaneous factors

Production factors • • Time until ready to install Length of disruption during installation Learning curve- time until operating as desired Effects on waste and rejects Energy requirements Facility and other equipments requirements Safety of process Change in cost to produce the unit output

continued • Required development time and cost • Other application of technology • Change in raw material usage Marketing Factors size of potential market for output Probable market share of out put Time until the market share is acquired

Estimated life of out-put Spin-off projects possibilities consumer acceptance Financial Factors Profitability, net present value of the investment Impact on cash flow Pay out period Cash requirement Time until Break-even Size of Investment required

Personnel factors Training requirement Labour skill requirement Change in size of labour for Inter and intra group communication requirement Impact on working condition Administrative and Miscellaneous Meet Governmental environment safety standard Impact on image with customers , suppliers and Competitors

Project management & Project Manager • The best way to explain the unique role of project manager is to contrast with that of functional manager in charge of a firm’s functional department like Marketing , engineering , finance etc. such departmental heads are specialist hence analytically oriented

Organization chart for functional Manager Vice president marketing agency Sales Group administration Marketing service

Organization structure for P. M • P. M is responsible for Project Manager FINANCE ENGINEERING CONTRACTS PLANING

Selecting the Project manager • Some of the most popular attributes , skill , and qualities that have been sought when selecting the project manager: • A Strong technical back ground • A hard-nosed manager • A mature individual • One who has worked in many departments

Concerned area for P. M • Following are the areas which are of concern to P. M 1) Acquiring adequate physical resources 2) Acquiring and motivating Personnel 3) Dealing with obstacle 4) Making goal trade-offs 5) Maintaining a balanced outlook in Team 6) Negotiating

Importance of Project • In the quest to accelerate the economic an social progress and bring about better living standards( improved health , education , and housing facilities ) for their people, Governments of developing countries become the main planners for such projects and even financing of projects are taken up by government. Projects are increasingly used in both the public and private sectors of world economies

Project National Non Industrial High Technology International Industrial Low Technology Non conventional R&D

Linkages and Project management is like a system which maintains linkages between various components like people, money and other resources like machineries and have to be linked to project outputs like services , goods. Another form of nexus is between Donor( Source of project Funding) and the implementing agency. Third important linkage in project management is that between beneficiaries and project management staff

ENVIRONMENT Inputs Conversion Development Needs Formulation Policy and project planning Role of Project manager Resource Project mobilization Implement ation- Outputs Project services , Development products and Result impact evaluation Implementation Five Phases of Project Management Activities Evaluation

Screening , Investment opportunity study • The purpose of investment opportunity is to develop Project ideas by examining the potentials , problems, and the needs and aspiration of the people. Such questions as mentioned herein need to be answered – • In what way can the economy of the area be transformed? • How can its development problems be overcome?

What should be done to ensure people’s participation ? Another purpose of investment opportunity study is to Examine the internal as external factors that are either likely to favour or impede development of the concerned area. Study at this stage is meant to provides planners with a choice of projects from which they can make a selection. Prefeasibility study A prefeasibility is an intermediate Stage between an investment study and detailed feasibility study. The prefeasibility study contains brief information of individual projects. It concentrate such information as would enable the planners or managers To take a provisional decision on whether or not there is enough justification for undertaking full fledged study.

Project Formulation • The project formulation exercise is a large and complex task after a positive decision is taken on the project idea. At this stage, the nature and scope of a project has to be spelled out in a comprehensive form. The formulation phase should provide the blue prints for all the other phases of project management. Many issues are involved in the formulation phases of the project The first is the comprehensiveness of the project which include formulation of detailed prospectus spelling out its economic , technical. financial , organizational aspects

Project plan Elements • Any project plan must have following element • Overview This is a short summery of objectives and scope of project. It contains a statement of goals of project, a brief explanation of their relationship to the firm’s objectives , a description of managerial structures that will be used for project and list of major mile stones in the schedule

Objectives & Contractual Aspects • This contains more detailed statement of the general goals noted in overview. The statement must include profit and competitive aims as well as technical goals. Contractual aspect forms the most critical section of the plan includes the complete list and description of all reporting requirements, customer-supplied resources, liaison arrangements, advisory committees , project review and cancellation procedures , any specific management agreements e, i use of subcontractors as well technical deliverables. Completeness is necessary in this section

Schedules & Resources • This section contains /outlines various schedules and list all milestone events. Each task is listed and estimated time for each task is obtained from those who will do the work. • Project master schedule is constructed from these inputs. Person in charge ( P I C) or Head of Department must sign off final and agreedon schedule.

Resources • There are two primary aspects to this. The first is the budget. Both capital and expense requirement are detailed by task , which makes this a project budget One time cost are separated from recurring project cost. Cost monitoring and control procedures must be described it must also cover for special requirement for example Special Machines , special materials , test equipments etc

Personnel • This section lists the expected personnel requirement of the project. Special skills , types of training needed , legal or policy restrictions on work force composition any other special requirement like security clearance. It is helpful to place manpower in phased manner as per project schedule. These projections are an important element of budget so that personnel , schedule and resource sections can be cross checked

Risk Management Plans • This section deals with potential problems as well as potential lucky breaks that can affect the project. • One or more issues like unexpected technical break , subcontractor default , the bad weather , strike may affect the schedule hence risk management plan must be in place

Evaluation Methods • Every project must be evaluated against standards and by methods which are established during inception stage. • Project Planning in Action Using a planning process oriented around the Life-cycle events common to software and hardware product developers , they divide the project into nine segments

Details of segments • Concept evaluation • Requirement identification • Design • Implementation • Test • Integration • Validation • Customer test and evaluation • Operation and Maintenance Each segment is made of activities and milestones(significant activities)