New England Colonies Englands History 1104 1189 King

New England Colonies

England’s History � 1104 -1189 King Henry II �Common Law �Judges pick best laws (not written, but sets precedent) �Trial by jury

England’s History � 1199 -1216 John �High taxes, forced marriages, arbitrary arrests �England’s worst king �Barons revolted �Magna Carta 1215 �Makes king subject to law

England’s History � 1509 Henry VIII �Breaks away from tyranny of Catholic Church

England’s History � 1558 -1603 Elizabeth �Protestant ruler �Defeats Spanish Armada �Marked end of Spanish control of seas

England’s History �Glorious Revolution 1603 -1683 �William and Mary rule �Freely elected body �Free debate �Declaration of Rights (keep arms, trial by jury) �Influences the Bill of Rights �Ended chance of Catholicism being reestablished in England

England’s History �English Civil War 1640 -1660 �English monarchy replaced with commonwealth and protectorate �Monopoly of Church of England ended �Constitutionally established that England's monarch cannot govern without Parliament’s consent.

Puritans �Presbyterian-largest faction, most stayed in England, some settle in Pennsylvania and New Jersey �Separatists- smallest, “elect”, radical, Pilgrims, Mayflower �Non separating Congregationalists- called Puritans, settled Massachusetts Bay

Puritan Beliefs �Covenants �Religion 24/7 �Predestination § Obsessed if finding if they’re elect § Sets precedent for capitalism. It’s okay to be rich. God is blessing you. �Secular governors accountable to God to protect, reward virtue, and punish wrongdoers

Separatists � 1620, Plymouth, William Bradford �Want to separate from Church of England �Mayflower Compact- first form of democratic government in America �Squanto and Samoset teach how to grow corn, beans, pumpkin, hunting, fishing

Mayflower Compact � In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King defender of the Faith. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth , and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620.

Puritans �Wanted to reform the Church of England � 1630, Massachusetts Bay Company, John Winthrop � 1625 Charles I objected to reforms, persecution increases � 1630 s more than 15, 000 Puritans come. Called the Great Migration. �Rule of law, voting �“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. ”

New England Colonies �Visible authoritative leaders �Strong, patriarchal families �Agriculture for food, not for money �Strong social institutions (schools) �Low mortality rate �Rapid population growth �Family labor

Other Side of Puritanism �Authoritarian �Theocracy (leads to tyranny) �Only church members could vote �Only approved churches could gather �Non members taxed to support church �Harsh, intolerant, paranoid (Salem Witch Trials)

Connecticut �Minister Thomas Hooker didn’t agree with how Winthrop and other Puritan leaders ran Mass. Bay �Left with followers to Connecticut �Better land for farming �Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- plan of government, first written constitution in America

Rhode Island • Roger Williams and followers forced out of Massachusetts �Thought people should not be persecuted for religious practices �government shouldn’t force people to worship in a certain way �Wrong to take land from the Native Americans �Took refuge with the Narraganset people and they sold him land �Got a charter in 1644 �A place of religious toleration and a safe place for dissenters

New Hampshire � 1638 John Wheelwright �Led a group of dissenters and founded New Hampshire

Food for Thought �The Puritan’s virtues made liberal democracy possible, and its vices made liberal democracy necessary.