The British Colonies Englands Southern Colonies The New
The British Colonies England’s Southern Colonies The New England Colonies The Middle Colonies
The British Colonies n By 1733, the British had set-up a total of 13 colonies in North America
The Southern Colonies
The New England Colonies
The Middle Colonies
3 Kinds of British Colonies n n n Charter—a colony, created by royal charter (agreement), under the control of an individual trading company, and exempt from interference by the Crown Proprietary—a colony (land) granted to an individual or group of people by the British Crown. They were granted full rights to self-government Royal--A Royal-- royal colony was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire. Crown, or royal, colonies were ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch
The Southern Colonies
The Beginning n A group of wealthy Englishmen had and idea, that if successful, would make them and England rich (proprietary colony) n Ship poor people across the Atlantic to work in the new colony—mining gold and silver, and farming Obtained a charter, permission from the Queen Elizabeth 1 n And formed a Joint-stock company, a business company formed and funded by a group of investors who were willing to share in the company’s profits and losses n
Roanoke, Virginia • The Roanoke Island colony, the first English settlement in the New World, was founded by English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh in August 1585. • The first Roanoke colonists did not fare well, suffering from dwindling food supplies and Indian attacks, and in 1586 they returned to England aboard a ship captained by Sir Francis Drake. • In 1587, Raleigh sent out another group of 100 colonists under John White returned to England to procure more supplies, but the war with Spain delayed his return to Roanoke. By the time he finally returned in August 1590, everyone had vanished.
What happened? n n Roanoke Colony was found abandoned without a trace of thecolonists—but some researchers might have uncovered some clues. The settlers, who arrived in 1587, disappeared in 1590, leaving behind only two clues: the words "Croatoan" carved into a fort's gatepost and "Cro" etched into a tree. http: //www. nytimes. com/2015/08/11/science/t he-roanoke-colonists-lost-and-found. html
The Roanoke Colony failed, so… n The Virginia Company sent in more colonists, Jamestown, John Smith (leader) n n New leadership New (better) location n North of Roanoke, along the Chesapeake Bay n n Protected natural harbor Navigable river Fertile land But, VERY powerful American Indians n Algonquin n Chief Powhatan
Jamestown Colony
Chief Powhatan n Dignified, intelligent, powerful and CUNNING n n n He intended to use the colonists to strengthen is position against his rivals AND He wanted to TRADE with the colonists for metal weapons The colonists wanted LAND
Relation with Natives n Early settlers fought with Natives n n In 1613 the English captured the Indian Chief Powhatan’s Daughter, Pocahontas After Powhatan’s death, power passed to his brother n n He HATED the colonists Due to expansion into Native lands, fighting continued n n Colonists destroyed native villages After intense violence and disease, the Virginia Algonquin population declined from 24, 000 in 1607 to 2, 000 in 1670
Bacon’s Rebellion n 1675, Nathaniel Bacon n n Colonists continued to seize land from the Natives Costs of producing/marketing crops increased n Government taxed sale of crops heavily n n n Slaughtered Natives Drove out governor; returned to England Bacon died Ended rebellion King appointed new Governor Poorer farmers wouldn’t tolerate discrimination
Economy n n Plantation System: Large farms producing staple/cash crops with the use of slave labor Virginia- Tobacco was main crop South Carolina & North Carolina- Rice and Indigo North Carolina- Timber
Society n n Slaves often made up the majority of each colony’s population The plantations were large and people were few and far between n Sustaining churches and schools was hard Illiteracy was high in the south Large gap between Rich and Poor n Lots of common farmers and slaves, few rich planters
Society Cont. n n Most of the population consisted of young single men looking for work A strong reliance on slave labor created a large social barrier between whites and blacks
Government n Virginia: 1619, House of Burgesses n n n First representative body in colonies Had 2 representatives from each community to vote on decisions for the colony Maryland (Lord Baltimore), the Carolinas, and Georgia (James Oglethorpe) began as Proprietary colonies n But Carolinas and Georgia eventually became royal colonies with elected assemblies and crown appointed governors
The New England Colonies
Section 4—The New England Colonies Back in England, Puritan dissidents (reformers and separatists) unhappy w/Anglican Church were persecuted n 1620 Pilgrims (Puritan emigrants) arrived at Plymouth n. Mayflower Compact (self-government) nwww. youtube. com/watch? v=8 Ei 0 YRv 57 e. I n. Read Pg. 1173—the Mayflower Compact n Answer questions on the handout n
Boston 1630 John Winthrop came with a larger group and established the “the city upon the hill, ” Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a proprietary colony n. Lost its charter in 1684 and became a Royal Colony n
Economy n n Fishing Small Farms Timber Ship building/trade
Government n n n Mayflower Compact Elected Town assemblies Crown appointed governors
Society/ Religion n Puritans ONLY in most of New England n n Rhode Island had freedom of religion Lived closer together in tight-knit towns Usually well educated Moved as families, gave the colonies a healthy balance of men and women
The Salem Witch Hunt n https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 mbc. Wha LA 8 A
Pequat War n 1630 s—Colonists involved in successful fur trade with the Pequats and other Indian in the area n Relationship was tentative n n n Neither group trusted the other Rivals for limited resources In addition, as more colonists arrived, they competed with Indians for land n Pequat War n 1636, Puritans accused Pequats of murdering an English trader n Pequats denied involvement n Puritans allied with Narragansett & Mohegan
Treaty of New Hartford n Treaty of New Hartford ended war n Agreement between colonists, Narragansett and Mohegan n September 21, 1638 n Pequats were practically eliminated and they lost their lands n English, Narragansett, and Mohegan took possession of Pequat lands
Praying towns n Praying towns—Natives were “encouraged” to move into towns specifically created for them n They were to abandon their traditional lifestyle, beliefs, subsistence way of life n Dress English, become Christian, labor on farms n n n Assimilate fully or perish In return, the Colonists took their lands Only a minority were cooperative n Moved on to other lands n Despaired as they saw their traditional lifestyle ending
King Philip’s War n 1675 a massive Indian rebellion erupted n Metacom (called King Philip by the colonists) a native leader encouraged neighboring tribes to cooperate and resist praying towns and loss of land n Using guns acquired from traders, Indians attacked n n Colonial counter-attacks destroyed crops n n n Destroyed 12 towns Starved Ran out of ammo n Indians defeated By 1700, there were 92, 000 colonists & only 9, 000 Natives
The Middle Colonies
Section 5—The Middle Colonies n First Settled by the Dutch n n Manhattan island was called New Amsterdam The Dutch and English came to blows and the Dutch surrendered lands to the English in 1664 and New Amsterdam was renamed New York
Economy n n n Family Farms (Wheat) Fur Trade Booming sea ports: NY & Philly
Relations with Natives n Dutch Settlers did not seek to convert Indians or settle the land n n Only interested in furs and profit Bought the land they settled (small amount $) Skirmishes did break out as more settlers came and pushed natives off their land William Penn the founder of Pennsylvania had good relations with the Delaware Natives and paid fair prices for the land
Society/ Religion n Diverse religion and disent of settlers n n n Education was not as available to middle colonies as New England but the wealthy were educated. n n Dutch, Scots-Irish, English, Germans, etc Protestant, Catholic, Jews, Dutch Reform, etc Some schools were held at home New Jersey was the only colony to have 2 universities
Government n Royal Colonies n n Elected Assemblies Crown Appointed Governor
Mayflower Compact n Earliest example of democracy in the 13 colonies—read page 1173 n Who ruled England when the Compact was signed? n n Summarize the stated goals of the Compact n n James 1 To establish a colony for the glory of God To advance the Christian religion To honor of the English monarch What does the phrase “combine ourselves into a civil body politick, for our better ordering and preservation” mean? n Join together to form a government to keep order and provide for public safety
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