Nervous System part 2 Medical Specialties of the

Nervous System, part 2

Medical Specialties of the Nervous System 1. Anesthesiologist (an = ______ + esthes/i = _______ + -ologist = ______) administers anesthetic agents before and during surgery. www. questmedical. com/. . . /Anesthesiologist. jpg 2. Neurologist (neur/o = ______ + -ologist = ______) treats disorders of the nervous system 3. Neurosurgeon – performs surgery on the nervous system (i. e. brain surgeon)

Medical Specialties Cont’d. 4. Psychiatrist – treats chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness. 5. Psychologist – holds an advanced degree (other than a medical degree) and specializes in treating emotional problems. www. wmin. ac. uk/images/teaching. jpg

Pathology of Nervous System 1. Cephalgia – (cephal/o = _____ + -algia = ____ ), also known as a headache 2. Hydrocephalus – (hydr/o = water + cephal/o = head + -us = noun ending) abnormally increased amount of CSF in the brain Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 1. Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord.

Pathology of Nervous System Cont’d 4. Alzheimer’s Disease – group of disorders associated with degenerative changes in the brain structure, may have memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes 5. Parkinson’s Disease – progressive, degenerative CNS disorder; symptoms include fine muscle tremors, mask-like facial expression, and shuffling gait (walk). Deep Brain Stimulation 6. Concussion – shaking up or jarring of the brain

Pathology of Nervous System Cont’d 7. Cerebral Contusion – bruise on the brain following injury to the head www. crash. lshtm. ac. uk/. . . /cerebralcontusion. jpg 8. Syncope – fainting; brief loss of consciousness caused by brief loss of oxygen to the brain 9. Coma – profound deep state of unconsciousness (no eye movements, no response to pain, no speech)

Pathology of Nervous System Cont’d 10. Stroke – also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA); damage to the brain when the blood flow is disrupted due to a clot or rupture of the vessel. memorylossonline. com 11. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain

Pathology of Nervous System Cont’d 12. Multiple Sclerosis – progressive disorder caused by disruption of nerve impulses; symptoms include tremors, paralysis, and speech disturbance. 13. Cerebral palsy – injury to the brain occurring during pregnancy, birth, or soon after birth. Symptoms include poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurological problems

Pathology of Nervous System Cont’d 14. Seizure – sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles caused by a disturbance in brain function. 15. Epilepsy – recurrent episodes of seizures www. nlm. nih. gov/. . . /ency/fullsize/19076. jpg

Who Wants to be a Mil-Neuron-Aire? ?

Mental Health Disorders 1. Mental Retardation – significantly below average intellectual functioning 2. Attention Deficit Disorder – short attention span and impulsiveness that is inappropriate for developmental age 3. Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder – pattern of inattention and hyperactivity that is inappropriate for developmental age

Mental Health Disorders Cont’d. 4. Addiction – compulsive, overwhelming involvement with a specific activity despite health, legal and social problems that it may cause www. meth-in-douglas. com/. . . /DSC 03427. JPG 5. Schizophrenia – psychotic disorder that can cause delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, and disruptive or catatonic behavior

Mental Health Disorders Cont’d. 6. Bipolar disorder – manic episodes that alternate with depressive episodes 7. Panic attack – intense feelings of apprehension, fearfulness, terror and impending doom. May have physical symptoms such as shortness of breath, profuse sweating, heart palpitations, chest pain and choking feeling 8. Phobia – irrational fear of a specific thing or situation. Some examples are acrophobia, agoraphobia, and claustrophobia

Mental Health Disorders Cont’d. 9. Hypochondriasis – fear of having a serious disease based on misinterpretation of bodily signs or symptoms 10. Kleptomania – recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal www. lmars. com/graphics/child-stealing. jpg 11. Munchausen syndrome by proxy – form of child abuse where abusive parents falsify an illness in a child by making up or creating symptoms, then seeking medical attention for the symptoms

Diagnostic Procedures 1. Electroencephalography (EEG) – (electr/o + encephal/o + -graphy) process of recording the electrical activity of the brain www. surgeryencyclopedia. com/images/gesu_01_im. . . 2. Myelography – radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of contrast medium.

Treatment Procedures 1. Mental Illness Medications – such as tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and psychotropic drugs 2. Pain Medications – such as analgesics, nonnarcotic and narcotic analgesics 3. Sedative/Hypnotic Medications – suppress the CNS system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness - such as sedatives, hypnotics, barbiturates, and anticonvulsants

Treatment Procedures Cont’d. 4. Anesthesia – (an- + -esthesia) the absence of normal sensation (especially to pain). Several types: topical, local, regional, epidural, spinal, general www. heart-valve-surgery. com 5. Electroshock therapy (ECT) – controlled seizure produced by passage of an electrical current through the brain. Used to treat depression and mental disorders that do not respond to other forms of therapy. 6. Neurectomy – removal of a nerve.

Career Opportunities 1. Anesthetist – administers anesthesia, not an MD (usually a nurse) 2. EEG technologist – performs EEG on patients 3. Electroneurodiagnostic technologist – performs EEG’s, nerve conduction studies, measures responses to stimuli 4. Polysomnographic technologist – sleep disorder studies 5. Social worker – trained to help people make adjustments in their lives, make referrals to outside agencies, etc…

Career Opportunities Cont’d. 6. Social services assistant – works with social worker, may do clerical functions 7. Mental health technician – works under psychiatrist or psychologist to help with care and rehabilitation 8. Art, music, dance therapist – use of creative arts for nonverbal expression of feelings 9. Recreational therapist – uses creative arts and activities such as field trips, to improve patients physical, emotional and mental wellbeing.