Military Data Links and ATM EUROCONTROL Military Unit

“Military Data Links and ATM” EUROCONTROL Military Unit European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

Summary ♦ CONTEXT ♦ DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of military data links and operational expectations ♦ CHALLENGES : Interoperability/ Safety/Security / Technology ♦ CONCLUSION 2

Introduction Traffic Growth 1997 7. 0 million flights 2000 8. 0 million flights u 2010 11. 1 million flights 2020 16. 0 million flights Traffic Growth: - 10 JUN 05: Record of 30. 047 flights; - Growth of 5% a year; - Traffic doubles over 20 years; - Traffic tripled over 25 years. 3 DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97

Introduction Operational Improvements TRAFFIC GROWTH INCREASE CAPACITY OERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVE SAFETY 4

Introduction Multiple Airspace Users ATM Operational Improvements impact all airspace users including Military Aviation! 5

DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of the military data links ♦ Command Control Information Exchange ♦ NATO Tactical Data Links and the migration strategy ♦ The military data links 6

Military Command Control Tactical Information Exchange u Military CIS are enablers of Command Control (C 2) functions; u Underlying Networks (WANs) + Voice + Sensors + Tactical Data Links for C 2 reporting and compilation of Recognized Air Picture 7

Tactical Data Links Migration Strategy Migration Path ♦ Each Data Link defined by message format series ♦ Link 1, Link 4 and Link 7 were the legacy standards ♦ Link 11 – since early 80’s the most stable NATO standard. Oriented to Navy and BLOS ♦ Link 16 – Current NATO MOR and in vast expansion since mid 90’s. Supported by JTIDS/MIDS technology ♦ Link 22/NILE – NATO Improved Link 11 – 2015 ♦ Multilink environment: VMF, TTNT, CDL, Wideband IP D/L ♦ Future Paradigm: The Common Message Standard (CMS) - 2030 8

Military Multi-Link Environment Automating multiple platforms VMF – Variable Message Format (gap filler for US Army between Link 16 and other TDL) CDL – Common Data Link ( US Do. D D/L to support imagery and signals intelligence) TTNT - Tactical Targeting Network Technology (US DARPA IP-capable airborne network for primarily time-sensitive targeting which will support US Do. D Global Information Grid) 9

Challenges ♦ Civil/Military Interoperability ♦ADS-B/MIDS Study ♦ Safety and Security considerations ♦ Technology enablers 10

INTEROPERBILITY ADS-B/MIDS Study “FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS/LINK 16” Background ADS Programme Ø 17 -18 SET 02 - ADS PSG 15 decision to study feasibility of civil version of Link 16/MIDS to support ADS-B Ø FEB 03 - ADS-B Data Link Recommendation Ø FEB 03 - ISDEFE contracted Ø AUG 03 - Final Report delivered Ø 10 MAR 04 – Discussion Forum Proposal Ø Ø Ø Compare ADS Requirements vs MIDS Performances Scenarios: TLAT Prove Feasibility Significant benefits for civil ATM and military But difficult open issues: - Network management; Spectrum support; Interference DME/TACAN, GPS L 5; Costs; Institutional issues. 11

INTEROPERABILTY ADS-B/MIDS Study “FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS/LINK 16” Discussion Forum on 10 MAR 04 Ø Ø Ø ADS-B/MIDS study considered solution feasible Majority of opinions against the proposal Reasons mainly linked with spectrum constraints in the L band institutional issues Way Ahead Ground Interface solution ? Part of Software Radio solution ? ü A civil-military Future Communications System! 12

Safety and Security considerations ♦ Safety ♦ Traffic growth vs. military aircraft Equipage rate ♦ Exemption policy ♦ Security considerations ♦ 9/11 context and its consequences ♦ The need to protect the ATM system and the need for more civil/military cooperation 13

Technology considerations ♦ Software radio considerations ♦ Civil /military aspects ♦ Taking advantage of some military data link features ♦ Convergence between C, N, S ♦ Security 14

Military Data Links and ATM Conclusions (1) ♦ Military Data Link technologies are in the forefront of state of the art ♦ Widely available in military platforms (particularly Link 16/MIDS) ♦ Outstanding warfare capablilities enabled by multi-link environment ♦ Limited relevance for ATM purposes ♦ Civil-military data link interoperability uncertain ♦ Frequency and spectrum constraints the main problem ♦ Other hurdles are institutional, security and technical constraints (latency, Doppler, etc. ) ♦ Lessons learnt from ADS-B/MIDS study need to be kept ♦ Trend for convergence: use of Internet Protocol (IP Mobility) ♦ Additional opportunities: Relative Navigation 15

Military Data Links and ATM Conclusions (2) Navigation Paradigm: GNSS Sole Means? Ground-Based DME Backup? 4 D RNP/RNAV how? Why not Relative Navigation as an enabler of NAV infrastructure rationalisation? 16