EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects TREVE Vincent EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects TREVE Vincent EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL WV activities § ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 2

EUROCONTROL WV activities § ATC-Wake Project CONCEPT: § Conditional reduction of arrival separation in case of cross wind CONSTRAINTS: § Stability of the weather forecast § Reliability of the wake model RESULTS: § Feasibility study § Impact assessment EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 3

EUROCONTROL WV activities § ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program § CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 4

EUROCONTROL WV activities § CREDOS CONCEPT: § Conditional reduction of departure separation in case of cross wind CONSTRAINTS: § Variability of departing aircraft trajectories § Faulted operation RESULTS: § § Feasibility study Impact assessment LIDAR validation LIDAR data bases EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 5

EUROCONTROL WV activities § ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program § CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases § WIDAO From 2007 to 2010 EUROCONTROL – DSNA Implementation project LFPG-1 WV databases Principles and guidance for WVE risk assessment EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 6

EUROCONTROL WV activities § WIDAO CONCEPT: § Independent departure and arrival operations on CSPR CONSTRAINTS: § § Variability in touchdown point Variability in rolling distance Simultaneity of the operations Baseline définition RESULTS: § § Significant capacity improvement First permanent implementation Full review and endorsement by the French regulation authority LIDAR data bases LFPG-1 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 7

EUROCONTROL WV activities § ATC-Wake Project From 2002 to 2006 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program § CREDOS From 2007 to 2009 EC Funded research project 6 th Framework Program EDDF-1 and EDDF-2 WV databases § WIDAO From 2007 to 2010 EUROCONTROL – DSNA Implementation project LFPG-1 WV databases Principles and guidance for WVE risk assessment § TBS for arrival From 2007 EUROCONTROL – NATS project EGGL-1 WV databases EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 8

EUROCONTROL WV activities § TBS for arrival CONCEPT: § Time based separation for mitigating headwind effect CONSTRAINTS: § Fully model based approach § Lack of operational databases RESULTS: § Feasibility study § First real-time simulations EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 9

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A 380 Working Group Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) ICAO State letter (2008) EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 10

EUROCONTROL WV activities § A 380 ICAO WG CONCEPT: § A 380 separation design CONSTRAINTS: § Based on Li. DAR campaign § Definition of Reasonable Worst Case § International consensus required RESULTS: § § Interim guidance First set of separations Revised separation Flight test allowed for definition of better metric EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 11

EUROCONTROL WV activities § A 380 ICAO WG EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 12

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A 380 Working Group ICAO B 747 -8 Working Group Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) Fresno (CA) LIDAR campaign (2010) ICAO State letter (2008) ICAO Guidance (2012) EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects Reduction of separation could be possible base on additional Flight Test 13

EUROCONTROL WV activities § B 747 -8 ICAO WG CONCEPT: § B 787 -8 separation design CONSTRAINTS: § Based on A 380 process § Understanding of the b* effect on decay RESULTS: § Interim guidance § Categorisation as Heavy EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 14

EUROCONTROL WV activities ICAO A 380 Working Group ICAO B 747 -8 Working Group RECAT Tarbes (FR) LIDAR campaign (2007) Fresno (CA) LIDAR campaign (2010) ICAO State letter (2008) ICAO Guidance (2012) Reduction of separation could be possible base on additional Flight Test EGLL (UK) LIDAR campaign European Safety Case in preparation EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 15

EUROCONTROL WV activities § RECAT-1 FAA / EUROCONTROL partnership CONCEPT: § Definition of new 6 -CAT wake separation scheme CONSTRAINTS: § Mostly based on European data § Conciliation of different objective: § US (optimized for freighter Hub) § EU (optimized for passenger Hub) RESULTS: § No consensus at ICAO level § But regional implementations EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 16

EUROCONTROL WV activities § RECAT-1 US Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A 388 A 124 A 332 A 333 A 342 A 343 A 345 A 346 AN 22 B 744 B 748 B 772 B 773 B 77 L B 77 W B 788 B 789 IL 96 A 30 B A 310 B 703 B 762 B 763 B 764 B 783 C 135 DC 10 DC 85 IL 76 L 101 MD 11 TU 22 TU 95 B 752 B 753 A 318 A 319 A 320 A 321 B 736 B 737 B 738 B 739 MD 82 MD 83 MD 87 MD 88 MD 90 B 732 B 733 B 734 B 735 DH 8 D E 190 F 50 F 70 F 100 AT 43 AT 45 AT 72 B 462 CRJ 1 CRJ 2 CRJ 7 CRJ 9 E 135 E 145 E 170 GLF 4 SF 34 FA 10 FA 20 D 328 E 120 BE 45 H 25 B JS 32 JS 41 LJ 35 LJ 60 P 180 C 650 C 525 C 180 C 152 17

EUROCONTROL WV activities § RECAT-1 US Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A 388 A 124 A 332 A 333 A 342 A 343 A 345 A 346 AN 22 B 744 B 748 B 772 B 773 B 77 L B 77 W B 788 B 789 IL 96 A 30 B A 310 B 703 B 762 B 763 B 764 B 783 C 135 DC 10 DC 85 IL 76 L 101 MD 11 TU 22 TU 95 B 752 B 753 A 318 A 319 A 320 A 321 B 736 B 737 B 738 B 739 MD 82 MD 83 MD 87 MD 88 MD 90 B 732 B 733 B 734 B 735 DH 8 D E 190 F 50 F 70 F 100 AT 43 AT 45 AT 72 B 462 CRJ 1 CRJ 2 CRJ 7 CRJ 9 E 135 E 145 E 170 GLF 4 SF 34 FA 10 FA 20 D 328 E 120 BE 45 H 25 B JS 32 JS 41 LJ 35 LJ 60 P 180 C 650 C 525 C 180 C 152 18

EUROCONTROL WV activities § RECAT-1 EU Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light A B C D E F A 388 A 124 A 332 A 333 A 342 A 343 A 345 A 346 AN 22 B 744 B 748 B 772 B 773 B 77 L B 77 W B 788 B 789 IL 96 A 30 B A 310 B 703 B 762 B 763 B 764 B 783 C 135 DC 10 DC 85 B 752 B 753 IL 76 L 101 MD 11 TU 22 TU 95 A 318 A 319 A 320 A 321 B 736 B 737 B 738 B 739 MD 82 MD 83 MD 87 MD 88 MD 90 B 732 B 733 B 734 B 735 DH 8 D E 190 F 50 F 70 F 100 AT 43 AT 45 AT 72 B 462 CRJ 1 CRJ 2 CRJ 7 CRJ 9 E 135 E 145 E 170 GLF 4 FA 10 FA 20 D 328 E 120 BE 45 H 25 B JS 32 JS 41 LJ 35 LJ 60 SF 34 P 180 C 650 C 525 C 180 C 152 19

EUROCONTROL WV activities § RECAT-1 EU vs US RECAT-1 EU Leader / Follower J J H M L A B C D E F A 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0 B MRS 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 7. 0 C MRS 3. 0 4. 0 6. 0 D MRS MRS MRS 5. 0 E MRS MRS MRS 4. 0 F MRS MRS MRS 3. 0 H M L RECAT-1 US Leader / Follower J J H M L A B C D E F A 3. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0 B MRS 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 7. 0 C MRS 3. 0 3. 5 6. 0 D MRS MRS MRS 5. 0 E MRS MRS MRS 4. 0 F MRS MRS MRS 3. 0 H M L EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 20

EUROCONTROL WV activities WIDAO Time Based Concept EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 21

EUROCONTROL WV activities RECAT-1 RECAT EU RECAT US RECAT-2 WIDAO Dynamic Pair Wise Time Based Concept EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 22

Dynamic Pair Wise WDS ORD TBS System PWS EGLL-1 EGLL-2 LFPG-3 Lidar Val Consult RECAT-2 RECAT-EU Consult A 380 A 350 2012 2013 2014 2015 EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Projects 2016

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Low Headwind Strong Headwind

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Runway throughput reduced in case of headwind 5. 0 N m = 1 5. 0 N 41 s m = 1 22 s

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based Separation reduction maintains runway thoughput 5. 0 4. 6 N Nm = 1 m 22 = 12 2 s s

EZY 475 A M 015 ↓ 160 A 319 Separation designed at runway threshold IBE 652 R H 005 ↓ 135 A 343

EZY 475 A M 026 ↓ 200 A 319 IBE 652 R H 017 ↓ 160 A 343 What should be applied on the glide for dealing with the compression effect and delivering the expected separation at threshold? Because of the variability introduced by TBS – ATCO will need a support tool coping with compression The ORD indicator is computed as a function of • the time separation to apply, • the respective aircraft final approach speeds, • the headwind conditions.

EZY 475 A M 025 ↓ 160 A 319 IBE 652 R H 015 ↓ 160 A 343 Concept illustration

EZY 475 A M 021 ↓ 160 A 319 IBE 652 R H 011 ↓ 140 A 343 Concept illustration

EZY 475 A M 019 ↓ 160 A 319 IBE 652 R H 009 ↓ 135 A 343 Concept illustration

EZY 475 A M 015 ↓ 160 A 319 IBE 652 R H 005 ↓ 135 A 343 Concept illustration Page 32

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based • Distance separation reduction for maintaining runway throughput is based on the wind profile • equivalent time to fly in the ground referential = reduction in the air referential • reduction in the air referential = potential increase wake turbulence risk 5. 0 4. 4. 6 6 Nm N = m 1 = 22 11 s 2 s (gr (a ou ir) nd ) Nm = 1 22 s

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based • Distance separation reduction for maintaining runway throughput is based on the wind profile • equivalent time to fly in the ground referential = reduction in the air referential • reduction in the air referential = potential increase wake turbulence risk • This potential increase has to be assessed and mitigated Wake age Figures are illustrative Page 34 HW < 11 kt Circulation Wake age HW < 9 kt Circulation HW < 7 kt Circulation HW < 5 kt Wake age

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 1: Time Based § Initial concept – Category wise Follower Super Heavy Medium Light Super Heavy 60 s 145 s 167 s 189 s Heavy 60 s 98 s 122 s 145 s Medium 60 s 60 s 122 s Light 60 s 60 s Leader § Refined concept – Pair wise based on distance per category pair Follower Leader B 744 A 333 B 763 B 737 A 319 DH 8 D AT 43 SF 34 Super Heavy 134 s 141 s 139 s 161 s 162 s 161 s 174 s 161 s Heavy 93 s 98 s 97 s 121 s 123 s 122 s 134 s 122 s Medium 60 s 63 s 65 s 67 s 68 s 75 s 66 s Light 60 s 63 s 65 s 67 s 68 s 75 s 66 s Separations for RECAT-2 are illustrative

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 2: Pair wise based on RECAT-2 Pairwise separation Follower Leader B 744 A 333 B 763 B 737 A 319 DH 8 D AT 43 SF 34 B 744 60 s 77 s 85 s 88 s 91 s 122 s 134 s A 333 60 s 82 s 93 s 97 s 102 s 122 s 134 s B 763 60 s 63 s 67 s 72 s 91 s 122 s 134 s B 738 60 s 63 s 58 s 64 s 66 s 68 s 75 s 66 s A 319 60 s 63 s 58 s 64 s 66 s 68 s 75 s 66 s DH 8 D 60 s 63 s 58 s 64 s 66 s 68 s 75 s 66 s AT 43 60 s 63 s 58 s 64 s 66 s 68 s 75 s 66 s SF 34 60 s 63 s 58 s 64 s 66 s 68 s 75 s 66 s

Dynamic Pair Wise – Step 3: Weather dependant relaxation of WT separations Follower Leader B 744 A 333 B 763 B 737 A 319 DH 8 D AT 43 SF 34 B 744 60 s 60 s A 333 60 s 60 s B 763 60 s 60 s B 738 60 s 60 s A 319 60 s 60 s DH 8 D 60 s 60 s AT 43 60 s 60 s SF 34 60 s 60 s