Manajemen Perangkat Lunak Initiation Project Charter Oleh Umi

Manajemen Perangkat Lunak Initiation – Project Charter Oleh: Umi Sa’adah Desy Intan Permatasari

Tujuan Perkuliahan • Mahasiswa mampu memahami konsep initiation dan project charter

Project or Not Project. Which ones of the followings are projects? And not • Building Pyramids of Giza • Olympic games • Building Great Wall of China • Building Taj Mahal • Publication of a children’s book • Designing Panama Canal • Development of commercial jet airplanes • Developing Polio vaccine • Taking human beings landing on the moon • Developing commercial software applications • Building prototype of portable devices to use the GPS • Placing of the International Space Station into Earth’s orbit. • Conducting your nephew birthday party • Implementing new SOP • Changing a company culture

Project A TEMPORARY endeavor undertaken to create a UNIQUE product, service, or result. Glossary of Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc. , 2017. Projects are undertaken to fulfill objectives by producing deliverables. Finish Start Deliverables: • Unique product • Unique service/capability to perform a service • Unique result • Unique combination of one/more products, services, or results

Project Types & Examples PROJECT WORK CRAFT INTELECT • Developing a pharmaceutical product for a market • Expanding a tour guide service PRODUCT TANGIBLE INTANGIBLE • Merger of two organizations TANGIBLE CRAFT TANGIBLE INTELLECT INTANGIBLE - CRAFT INTANGIBLE - INTELLECT • Modifying a computer software • Constructing a building • Developing/improving a business process

Project & Operation AC T I VI TY • Temporary • Unique Operation • Routine • Repeatable Project TI M E

The End of A Project Since project is temporary. The end of a project is reached when: • The project objectives have been achieved • The objectives will not or cannot be met • Funding is exhausted or no longer available • The need of project is no longer exists • The human or physical resources are no longer available • The project is terminated for legal cause or convenience

Projects Drive Change From a business perspective, a project is aimed at moving an organization from one state to another state in order to achieve a specific objective.

Why Project Starts Organizational leaders initiate projects in response to factors acting upon their organizations. There are four fundamental categories for these factors, which illustrate the context of a project

Specific Factor Examples of Specific Factors Meet Regulatory, Legal, or Social Satisfy Requirements Stakeholder Requests or Create, Needs Improve, or Fix Products, Implement or Processes, or Change Services Business or Technological Strategies Factors of Project Creation New technology An electronics firm authorizes a new project to develop a faster, cheaper, and smaller laptop based on advances in computer memory and electronics technology Competitive forces Lower pricing on products by a competitor results in the need to lower production costs to remain competitive Material issues A municipal bridge developed cracks in some support members resulting in a project to fix the problems Political changes A newly elected official instigating project funding changes o a current project Market demand A car company authorizes a project to build more fuel-efficient cars in response to gasoline shortages Economic changes An economic downturn results in a change in the priorities for a current project Customer request An electric utility authorizes a project to build a substation to serve a new industrial park X Stakeholder demands A stakeholder requires that a new output be produced by the organization X Legal requirement A chemical manufacturer authorizes a project to establish guidelines for the proper handling of a new toxic material Business process improvements An organization implements a project resulting from a Lean Six Sigma value stream mapping exercise Strategic opportunity or business need A training company authorizes a project to create a new course to increase its revenues Social need A nongovernmental organization in a developing country authorizes a project to provide potable water systems, latrines, and sanitation education to communities suffering from high rates of infectious diseases Environmen tal consideratio ns A public company authorizes a project to create a new service for electric car sharing to reduce pollution X X X X X

Project Management Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities TOMEET the project REQUIREMENTS. Glossary of Project Management Institute, AGuide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc. , 2017.

Project Management Importance Effective project management helps organizations/individuals: Poor project management may caused organizations/individuals: • • • Meet business objectives Increase chances of success Resolve problems & issues Deliver the right products at the right time Missed deadlines Cost overruns Rework Loss of reputation Unsatisfied stakeholders

PMBOK® Guide Key Components PMBOK® Guide Key Component Brief Description Project life cycle The series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion. Project phase A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables. Phase gate A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a program or project. Project management process A systematic series of activities directed toward causing an end result where one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs. Project Management Process Group A logical grouping of project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The Project Management Process Groups include Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing Project Management Process Groups are not project phases. Project Management Knowledge Area An identified area of project management defined by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of its component, processes, practices, inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques.

THE PROJECT LIFECYCLE Project Life Cycles: Development Life Cycles: • Predictive • Adaptive • • • Project Life Cycle is the series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion. Predictive Life Cycle Iterative Life Cycle Incremental Life Cycle Adaptive Life Cycle Hybrid Life Cycle Development Life Cycle is one or more phases, within a project life cycles, that are associated with the development of the product, service, or result.

PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS Astakeholder is an individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project. Glossary of Project Management Institute, AGuide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc. , 2017.

Stakeholder Examples Internal stakeholders: • Sponsor • Resource manager • Project Management Office (PMO) • Portfolio steering committee • Program manager • Project managers of other projects • Team members. External stakeholders: • Sponsor • Customers • End users • Suppliers • Shareholders • Regulatory bodies • Competitors

PROJECT MANAGER ROLES Project Manager The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team responsible for achieving the project objectives. Glossary of Project Management Institute, AGuide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc. , 2017.

DEVELOP PROJECTCHARTER • The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. • Project Charter • Formally authorizes the existence of project • Provides the PM the authority to use organization resources • Known with other names respective to each organization

Project Charter Content (Typical) • Purposes/justification • Description • High Level Requirements • High Level Risk • Success Criteria • Milestone Summary • Estimated Budget • PM Authorities • Approval/Sign Off

Discussion Can a project run without a Project Charter?

IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS • The process of identifying project stakeholders regularly and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success.

Stakeholder Analysis Classification Models: • Power – Interest Grid • Power – Influence Grid • Influence – Impact Grid • Salience Model • Stakeholder Cube • Direction of Influence • Prioritazion

Stakeholder Analysis – Power/Interest Grid High MANAGE CLOSELY MONITOR KEEP INFORMED POWER KEEP SATISFIED Low INTEREST High

Tugas Project Charter Complete Your Project Charter Decide your group’s (real or imaginary) project. Try to complete the project charter template. 20 minutes

Tugas - Stakeholder Analysis Individual Exercise: Stakeholder Analysis Matrix - Form 10 minutes

Referensi • Dcolearning Project Management , 2018