MAHATMA GANDHI 1869 1948 MAHATMA GANDHI EXPRESSION I

MAHATMA GANDHI 1869 -1948

MAHATMA GANDHI EXPRESSION • "I was born in India but I was made “

GANDHI’S PHILOSOPHY • Economic equality is the key to non violence • Civil disobedience is civil breach of unmoral enactment • Moral regeneration, social progress and national freedom were inseparable

GANDHI’S TALISMAN • Whenever you are in doubt, when the self becomes too much with you, apply the following test: Recall the face of the poorest and weakest man, whom you may have seen, ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him , will he gain anything by it? Will it restore him to control over his own life and destiny? In other words, will it lead to freedom for the hungry and spiritually starving millions? Then you will find your doubts and your self melt away.

EPIGRAMS FROM GANDHI • A for Abuse: the best way of losing a cause is to abuse your opponent and to trade upon his weakness • B for Beauty: there is a beauty and an art in simplicity which he who runs may see your • C is for Character : your character must be above suspicion and you must be truthful and self controlled

WHO IS MAHATMA GANDHI? • Mahatma Gandhi or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Purbandar, India. He became one of the most respected spiritual and political leaders of the 1990’s • This picture of Gandhi when he was 7 years old, 1876

Describe Gandhi as Young Child • Intellect is sluggish , memory poor • Difficult to master the multiplication table • Mediocre student in high school and excessively shy and timid ****** That time there was no indication of his future greatness*******

Gandhi’s Childhood • Gandhi ‘s childhood in a small town of western coast of India, which was then one of the many tiny states in Kathiawar. • He was born in middle class of Vaishya caste. • His grandfather is a Prime Minister of Porbandar and was succeeded by his father –Karamchand • His mother Putlibai was a saintly character , devoted and gentle. • His mother has a great impact on Mahatma Gandhi’s life • ……… Short stories of his mother had left a deep impress on his mind till his last day on earth

Gandhi’s Parents Here are Gandhi’s father , KARAMCHAND GANDHI and his mother PUTLIBAI together with his brothers and sister

Gandhi’s Family • At the age of 13 Gandhi married Kasturba, a girl at the same age. It was a fixed marriage.

Gandhi’s Insights about Early Marriage • Since Gandhi was married when he was in highschool , his notion about marriage is new clothes to wear and a feasts to celebrate and a companion to play with • Later on , his love and respect for Indian women may have something to do with his personal experience but he does not want a fixed marriage in early life as he considered this as” cruel custom of child marriage”

Gandhi’s Children 1915 -1932 Their marriage has brought them 4 children. On the top from the left side is the eldest son of Gandhi Harilal Gandhi, second son on the top from the right side is Manilal Gandhi, at the bottom from the left side is their third son Ramdas Gandhi and lastly the youngest son is Devdas Gandhi

GANDHI ‘S SCHOOL LIFE He studied law in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice. In 1893 he took on a year contract to do legal work in South Africa. Here are the photos in London posing with other law students in vegetarianism class and Mahatma Gandhi as a barrister

GANDHI’S BOOK INTRODUCTION • The Bible------ his favorite New Testament (Sermons on the Mt of Sinai), it was introduced by a friend in South Africa during his school life • His philosophy about God, Faith, Perfection, Prayer are cultivated. For him Prayer is a powerful thing, for no man can live without religion. A prayer is a heart search. No effort is complete without a prayer, without a definite recognition that the best human endeavor is of no effect if it has not God’s blessing behind. In other words, prayer is a call to humility.

MAHATMA ‘S MIND • He did not insulate his mind from the views and influences from others. His favorite persons had influenced his life Ruskin wrote the famous work” “Unto his Last”, his concept that good individual is contained in the good of all—his concept of Sarvodaya and Antodaya • Tolstoy ‘s “ The kingdom of God is Within You” it is about our conscience and conviction • Romain Rolland—his “Correspondence between Rolland Gandhi” Auto biography written 1931 is an experiment of truth.

Gandhi in South Africa • At that time when Gandhi was in South Africa , the British controlled South Africa. When he attempted to claim his rights as a British subject he was abused. He saw all Indians suffered similar treatment. He stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights of Indian people

Gandhi’s Campaign For Indian Independence From Britain • Gandhi’s love and action showed are based on courage, non violence and truth called SATYAGRAHA, it means that the way people behave is more important than what they achieve. SATYAGRAHA promoted non violence and civil disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. Because of his ideals in life and helping the campaign for Indian Independence from Britain, he was arrested many times by the British for his activities in South Africa and India

MAHATMA GANDHI ‘S RETURN TO INDIA He returned to India in 1915 , here are the photos of Gandhi in 1920 and 1921. He was preparing for a National Unity that he identified himself as a poor. This time Gandhi lost weight because of his fasting as a tool to impress others and brought India for India’s Independence in 1947, to be partitioned into India and Pakistan. He spent seven years in prison for his political activities. For him it is an honor to go to jail for a JUST CAUSE.

PHOTOS OF GANDHI IN INDIA Gandhi and Kasturbai in 1915 return to India Gandhi in 1920 Gandhi in 1918 Meeting in 1926 Gandhi’s Bombay Chronicles in 1921

More Photos of Gandhi In 1929 Gandhi in 1931 at work and attending a conference

MAHATMA in 1930’s Gandhi’s embarking in 1931, Gandhi in St James Palace same year Gandhi in Pilgrimage Gandhi collecting money for Hurijan Fund 1934

Gandhi’s Event 1930 Gandhi in 1934 with Kasturba his wife, when Gandhi was fasting, during a meeting in 1936

More on Gandhi’s He is breaking his fast Gandhi in 1930’s Gandhi’s conference 1936

HUMAN INFLUENCES ON GANDHI • 1. 2. 3. There are 3 persons in the life of Gandhi whom he admired so much. Ruskin Tolstoy Romain Kolland These persons have a greatly impact on his mind from the views and concept he did in his writings and speeches. He considered them an inspiration. An autobigraphy was made in 1931 wrote by Gandhi -------a story of experiments with truth One person whom Gandhi imparted his thoughts when he was arrested by the British , this person was his secretary, he considered him a great friend MAHADEV DASAI. Mahadev died in prison after 7 days together with Gandhi. He told Gandhi that he cant able to bear to see him die in prison because he wanted Gandhi to see the GLORIOUS EVENT!

RARE PICTURE WITH MAHADEV DESAI • • Mahadev Desai and Gandhi Mahadev Desai worked as Gandhi's secretary and most famous as the translator of Gandhi's autobiography, "The Story of My Experiments with Truth" I adore this photograph of Mahadev Desai and Gandhi, not only because it captures the closeness of the two great men, but because it is a rare photograph of the former

Gandhi’s Personal Possession Speak no evil, hear no evil , the three monkeys of Mahatma’s watch and a book Gandhi’s personal slippers during prayer meetings and pilgrimage

MAHATMA GANDHI’S VOICE CLIP • Gandhi’s voice

GANDHI’S IDEALS • During his time in India, riots and troubles between Hindus and Muslim followed. Gandhi believed that a united India where Hindus and Muslims lived together in peace. He was arrested so many times, on his release from prison, he set up an Ashram ( a rural commune), establish a newspaper, inaugurated a series of reforms aimed at the socially disadvantages with Hindu society, the rural poor and untouchables. The untouchables were slaves or people who had jobs that no one else wanted to do such as skinning animals and carrying the bodies of the dead • • • NOTE: SOCIAL SYSTEM IN ANCIENT INDIA after 500 BC 1. Brahmins------ priest, scholar, teacher 2. Kshatriyas-----warriors, rule 3. Vaishyas------- traders, farmers, landowners 4. Shudras---- field laborers , craftsmen • Reasons for Caste System is important to help bring order to the society. They had a sense of belonging. Gandhi does not want the system so he had a series of reforms.

Gandhi’s in 1940’s • Mahatma Gandhi was so busy with his reforms in Indian Society. There were many bloodshed in the country, Gandhi began his fast with the purpose of stopping the bloodshed. After 5 days, the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast. Gandhi’s fasting , look at the weight he had lost for several times he did fasting Gandhi’s showing his lemon drink with honey after Gandhi broke his fast

Events in Mahatma Gandhi 1940’s Gandhi in 1940 with the poor Gandhi with greetings in Pachangani 1944 Gandhi in 1942 Gandhi in June 24, 1945 victory

FAMOUS PEOPLE WITH GANDHI Gandhi with Lord Pethick Lawrence April 1 , 1946 Gandhi in Feb 4. 1946 Madura Speech Gandhi in 1947 Gandhi in 1946 Jan with Thakkar Bapa

Gandhi in Bezwada Feb 1946 with the eager crowd. Gandhi attracts a lot of crowd during speech or meeting Gandhi with long evening meal with Lord Mountbatten 1947 Gandhi with Lord and Lady Mountbatten, India 1947 Gandhi with a child Gandhi has a tremendous love for children and a story came about in the short stories about Gandhi telling the whole world that he took time out to look for a pencil short and used even if he can find an extra one, the reason behind was, that pencil was given by a little child when he visited one of the homes in India. This explains how he values people.

MORE PHOTOS OF GANDHI Gandhi talking to a blind in March 1947 Gandhi’s eyesight in 1947, he was 47 Gandhi with Amrit Kaur in Nov 1947

GANDHI IN 1947 Gandhi’s signature Gandhi’s joint appeal April 1. 1947 Gandhi’s plugging his ear in deafening noises during the start of prayer in the crowd Washing his feet after a march speech People regarded him as a saint and he does not like it, he gave speeches to people and a lot of writings that modern people as of today benefits, , he became a role model.

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN 1947 • Gandhi was giving the healing touch to the society that was torn by Hindu-Muslim riots. And the second flash back would have been the glittering lights of Delhi on the midnight of 14 th August 1947, awaiting the dawn of freedom on 15 th August 1947. Glittering lights, loud slogans and a poetic assertion of Late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who said: "At the stroke of the midnight hour when the world sleeps India will awake to life and freedom and a soul of a nation long suppressed will find utterance. "

LAST DAY OF GANDHI • After 5 days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast. Twelve days later during a prayer group, a hindu fanatic NATHURAM GODSE who opposed his program of tolerance for all creeds and religion assassinated him. He died on Jan 30, 1948

GANDHI’S LAST STEP Gandhi’s last step to the prayer ground

Gandhi’s Memories Gandhi’s place where he was assassinated Gandhi’s urn ready Gandhi’s family ready to burn his body Gandhi’s mourners in Calcutta

More Photos Gandhi’s pyre United Nation Flag Homemage Gandhi’s newspaper about his death Last Journey

Gandhi ‘s Memories Gandhi’s last march Gandhi’s collection of his ashes Gandhi’s martyrdom Gandhi’s commemoration 1948

Gandhi’s memorial

Gandhi’s Artist Impression of Martyrdom

MAHATMA’S WORDS BEHIND • • Mahatma words came alive in the wisdom he found in confronting personal and social problems. This is the “POWER OF LIFE”. His struggle is not against any individual but against the system of oppression. He talked God as his satisfaction. Truth is God , to find the truth is by means of love and non violence so it is ultimately known that God is Love PRAYER--- Every speech he had, he always start with a prayer. He gave prayer to everybody

GANDHI TODAY • • • “Gandhi is dead Long live Gandhi, His values, His human touch”