The Creation of Israel and the ARABISRAELI CRISIS

The Creation of Israel and the ARAB-ISRAELI CRISIS

Before WWI during Imperialism � The Jewish people of Europe wanted a country where they could live peacefully and practice their religion without being persecuted. � Theodor Herzl began a movement called Zionism � Theodore Herzl 1860 -1904

ZIONISM �The belief that Jewish people should have a homeland. �The Jewish people wanted to rebuild a Jewish State in the country of Palestine • There was a small Jewish community that was still living there.

During WWI-Two Promises �The Allies promised the Arabs their own state in the old Ottoman Empire �The British issued the Balfour Declaration

The Balfour Declaration �Called for the “establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people” in 1917 �Caused conflict over Palestine.

During WWII �Jewish people in Germany and in countries Germany took over are required to follow the Nuremberg laws, moved to Ghettos, then sent to concentration camps and then many were murdered. �Nuremberg Laws-were restrictions put on Jewish people.

The Holocaust � Over 6 million Jews are killed during the Nazi Holocaust

� Palestine Population in 1946

Israel is a Nation � May 1948 – Israel declared as a separate nation.

Reactions �Jews are excited �Arabs refuse to recognize Israel and will attack Israel!

1948 War �Israel is attacked and outnumbered 50 -1. �Arab nations vowed to “drive Israel into the sea, and restore Palestine. ” �Results: • Israel wins! • Israel gains land in Arab-Palestine and Jerusalem. • Arab nations continue to not accept or recognize Israel as a nation

1956 War �Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt because of the Suez Canal, which is located in the Sinai Peninsula. �Results: • Israel wins, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula and then withdrew their troops. • Arab nations continue to not accept or recognize Israel as a nation

The Six Days War (1967) �Israel attacked Egypt & Syria in response to a blockade. �Results: • Israel wins • Gain the Sinai Peninsula • Arab nations continue to not accept or recognize Israel as a nation

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) - 1964 �A group created to destroy Israel. �Goal: Arab Muslims wanted to fight Israel and win self-rule for the Palestinian people �Leader: �The Yasir Arafat PLO will use terrorist attacks against Israel.

The Yom Kippur War (1973) �Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. �Results: � Israel won after three weeks but the political battles over ownership still not resolved. �Arab nations continue to not accept or recognize Israel as a nation

Intifada � 1987 -Palestinians began widespread acts of civil disobedience called intifada. �Unarmed Palestinian teenagers will use boycotts, demonstrations and attacks on Israeli soldiers. �Israelis led crackdowns on the Palestinians, which led to sympathy for the Palestinians.

Attempts at Peace �Camp �Oslo David Accords Peace Accords

Camp David Accords 1979 �United States President Jimmy Carter negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. �Negotiators: • Egypt-President Anwar el-Sadat • Israel- Prime Minister Menachem Begin

Peace agreements: 1. 2. 3. Egypt recognized Israel as a nation. Israel withdrew from the Sinai. Palestinian self-rule in designated areas. * Egyptian President, Sadat, is assassinated by Islamic fundamentalists.

Islamic Fundamentalist �Followers of Islam (Muslims) that believe in traditional Islamic practices and laws. �They life. believe that the Koran should dictate

Oslo Peace Accords 1993 § Peace agreement between the PLO and Israel. § PLO stops terrorist activity § Israel gave the Palestinian people limited self rule in the Gaza strip and West Bank § The country Jordan will make peace with Israel.

Middle East Peace Accord 1993 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, left, PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat, right, agreed to the signing of a historic peace accord at the White House with Bill Clinton.

Continuing Peace 1994 -2014 �Palestinians continue to riot and bomb Israel. � 2002 -Israeli military invaded Palestinianruled areas. They arrested and assassinated PLO members and leaders. � 2005 -cease-fire talks began. • Israel started withdrawing troops from the Gaza strip and West bank

� 2006 -the Palestinians elect Hamas to lead them. They are a terrorist group. They start bombings and suicide attacks on Israel � 2008 -Israel launched a devastating attack on Hamas and the Gaza strip. • This kills peace talks. �The United States continues to work towards peace in the region.

� 1. The movement started by journalist Theodor Herzl to promote an independent Jewish state in Palestine is referred to as �(1) the Reconquista (3) Utopianism �(2) the Diaspora (4) Zionism

� 2. Since 1948, a major reason for the conflict between Arabs and Israelis is that each side � (1) wants the huge oil reserves that lie under the disputed land � (2) believes that the United States favors the other side in the conflict � (3) claims sovereignty over the same land � (4) seeks to control trade on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea

• • Pamphlet on the philosophy of Zionism • • Balfour Declaration • • Oslo Accords � 3. These documents are most closely associated with the controversy over � (1) efforts by the United Nations to restrict child slavery and indentured servitude � (2) production of oil by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) � (3) trade agreements established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) � (4) control of land in the Middle East by Palestinians and Jews

�“A Jewish State Is Created” �“Six-Day War Results in Major Arab Losses” �“Withdrawal Begins from West Bank” � 24. Which situation is referred to in these headlines? �(1) Persian Gulf War (3) conflict between Israelis and Palestinians �(2) Scramble for Africa (4) collapse of the Ottoman Empire

�What was the movement that called for a Jewish Homeland? �What three religions all claim the middle east as religious homeland? �What was the document that the British created that promised the Jews a homeland in Palestine?