LITERATURE REVIEW What is literature review N A

LITERATURE REVIEW

What is literature review ? N A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. N A literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. N A literature review is the effective evaluation of selected documents on a research topic. N A review may form an essential part of the research process or may constitute a research project in itself.

Structure of review articles • Literature reviews are in reality a type of research • Should conform to the anatomy of a typical scholarly article • Abstract • Introduction • Methods • Results • Discussion • Conclusion • References

Structure of literature review • Introduction • Gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern. • Body • Contains your discussion of sources. • Conclusions/Recommendations • Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where might the discussion proceed?

Why write LR? N Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have limited time to conduct research, literature reviews can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. N Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper's investigation. Comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers.

Why write LR? N The purpose of a literature review is for you to take a critical look at the literature (facts and views) that already exists in the area you are researching. N A literature review is not a shopping list of everything that exists, but a critical analysis that shows an evaluation of the existing literature and a relationship between the different works. N It demonstrates the relevance of the research.

Why write LR? N Literature can include books, journal articles, internet (electronic journals), newspapers, magazines, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings, reports, and documentaries. N Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences and social sciences; in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. N Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself.

What should We do before writing the literature review? • Consider whether your sources are current. • Find a focus. A literature review, like a term paper, is usually organized around ideas, not the sources themselves as an annotated bibliography would be organized. • Consider organization. N Now what is the most effective way of presenting the information? N What are the most important topics, subtopics, etc. , that your review needs to include? N And in what order should you present them?

What should I do before writing the literature review? N The introduction should provide the reader with the scale and structure of your review. It serves as a kind of map. N The body of the review depends on how you have organized your key points. N The conclusion of the review needs to sum up the main findings of your research into the literature. The findings can be related to the aims of the study you are proposing to do. The reader is thus provided with a coherent background to the current study.

How to review N The whole process of reviewing includes: a. Searching for literature b. Sorting and prioritizing the retrieved literature c. Analytical reading of papers d. Evaluative reading of papers e. Comparison across studies f. Organizing the content g. Writing the review

How to review N Find similarities and differences between studies at different levels - philosophy - epistemology - morality - methodology - methods - types of data - data analysis - interpretation

Show others Have someone else look at your literature review for • Clarity • Can they understand what you’re trying say? • Flow • Does the organization make sense? • Completeness • Are there areas left out? • Questions left unanswered? • Statements without citations?

A Good Literature Review is • Focused - The topic should be narrow. You should only present ideas and only report on studies that are closely related to topic. • Concise - Ideas should be presented economically. Don’t take any more space than you need to present your ideas. • Logical - The flow within and among paragraphs should be a smooth, logical progression from one idea to the next • Developed - Don’t leave the story half told.

A Good Literature Review is • Integrative - Your paper should stress how the ideas in the studies are related. Focus on the big picture. What commonality do all the studies share? How are some studies different than others? Your paper should stress how all the studies reviewed contribute to your topic. • Current - Your review should focus on work being done on the cutting edge of your topic.

Conclusion • Be systematic in your search for relevant sources • Critique literature that is relevant to your project and avoid being overly descriptive • Use a structure that leads the reader through the key points and is framed by your research questions

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