Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration An Overview Chapter 9

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Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview of Cellular Respiration – Organisms get the energy

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview of Cellular Respiration – Organisms get the energy they need from food. – Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview of Cellular Respiration – The summary of cellular

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview of Cellular Respiration – The summary of cellular respiration is presented below. – In symbols: – 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy – In words: – Oxygen + Glucose Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy – The cell has to release the chemical energy in food molecules (like glucose) gradually, otherwise most of the energy would be lost in the form of heat and light.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – The three main

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – The three main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – Glycolysis produces only

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – Glycolysis produces only a small amount of energy. Most of glucose’s energy (90%) remains locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid at the end of glycolysis.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – Glycolysis is an anaerobic

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. It does not directly require oxygen, nor does it rely on an oxygen-requiring process to run. However, it is still considered part of cellular respiration. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – During the Krebs

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – During the Krebs cycle, a little more energy is generated from pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – Pathways of cellular respiration

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are called aerobic. The Krebs cycle is an aerobic processes. – This process takes place inside the mitochondria.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – The electron transport

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration – The electron transport chain produces the bulk of the energy in cellular respiration by using oxygen, a powerful electron acceptor.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – The electron transport chain

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen and Energy – The electron transport chain is an aerobic processes and takes place inside the mitochondria.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Electron Transport – Energy generated by the electron

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Electron Transport – Energy generated by the electron transport chain is used to move H+ ions against a concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the intermembrane space.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview ATP Production – H+ ions pass back across

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview ATP Production – H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase, causing the ATP synthase molecule to spin. With each rotation, the ATP synthase attaches a phosphate to ADP to produce ATP.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Fermentation – Fermentation is a process by which

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Fermentation – Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Alcoholic Fermentation – – – Yeast and a

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Alcoholic Fermentation – – – Yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is used to produce alcoholic beverages and causes bread dough to rise.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Lactic Acid Fermentation – Most organisms, including humans,

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Lactic Acid Fermentation – Most organisms, including humans, carry out fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid (called lactic acid fermentation).

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Quick Energy – Cells normally contain small amounts

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Quick Energy – Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. – Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid from the body.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Long-Term Energy – For intense exercise lasting longer

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Long-Term Energy – For intense exercise lasting longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is required to continue production of ATP. – Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does. – – The body stores energy in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen. These glycogen stores are enough to last for 15 to 20 minutes of activity. After that, the body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy.