Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration An Overview CHAPTER 9

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview CHAPTER 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lab Biology CP

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration • 9. 1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview • 9. 2 The Process of Cellular Respiration • 9. 3 Fermentation

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview 9. 1 & 9. 2 Cellular Respiration

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chemical Energy and Food • Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce. • Food molecules contain energy that is released when its chemical bonds are broken. • Energy stored in food is expressed in units of calories. • Cells use all sorts of molecules for food, including fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. • Cells break down food to produce ATP.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview of Cellular Respiration Chemical equation for Cellular Respiration: 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy Write the chemical equation for Photosynthesis: * Explain how this chemical equation compares to the equation for photosynthesis. ____________________________________________

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview ATP Production and Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Makes only a small amount of ATP/energy Krebs Cycle makes a little more energy/ATP from pyruvic acid. Electron Transport Chain produces the bulk of the energy/ATP

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Glycolysis- happens 1 st (without oxygen). • Is an anaerobic process. It can take place without oxygen being present in the cell. • Makes 2 ATP • It takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Krebs Cycle- happens 2 nd (with oxygen) • Is aerobic. It only happens when there is oxygen present in the cell. • Takes place inside the mitochondria.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Electron Transport Chain- happens 3 rd (with oxygen) – Is aerobic. It only happens when there is oxygen present in the cell. – Takes place inside the mitochondria.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Total ATP Production during Cellular Respiration • Together glycolysis, the Krebs's cycle, and the electron transport chain release 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Adt. Au 5 Jg. OV 0

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes. The energy flows in opposite directions. Photosynthesis “deposits” energy, and cellular respiration “withdraws” energy. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis and vice versa. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 a. Zrkdzrd 04

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview 9. 3 Fermentation

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Fermentation Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation follows glycolysis.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is used to produce alcoholic beverages and causes bread dough to rise.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Alcoholic Fermentation Chemical equation: Pyruvic acid + NADH Alcohol + CO 2 + NAD+

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Lactic Acid Fermentation Most organisms, including humans, carry out fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid. Chemical equation: Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Quick Energy Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid from the body.

Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Long-Term Energy For intense exercise lasting longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is required to continue production of ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does. The body stores energy in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen. These glycogen stores are enough to last for 15 to 20 minutes of activity. After that, the body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy.