Lenses Lenses Focal Point Focal Length Animation of

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Lenses

Lenses

Lenses

Lenses

Focal Point Focal Length

Focal Point Focal Length

Animation of Light in a Lens

Animation of Light in a Lens

Ray Diagrams for Converging Lenses 1. Parallel incoming light is refracted through the focal

Ray Diagrams for Converging Lenses 1. Parallel incoming light is refracted through the focal point

2. Light coming in through the focal point is refracted out parallel

2. Light coming in through the focal point is refracted out parallel

3. Rays passing through the center are refracted out in the same direction. 4.

3. Rays passing through the center are refracted out in the same direction. 4. An image is formed where the rays cross.

A parallel beam of light is sent through an aquarium. If a convex glass

A parallel beam of light is sent through an aquarium. If a convex glass lens is held in the water, it focuses the beam… 1. closer to the lens than… 2. at the same position as… 3. farther from the lens than… …before.

A parallel beam of light is sent through an aquarium. If a convex glass

A parallel beam of light is sent through an aquarium. If a convex glass lens is held in the water, it focuses the beam… The index of refraction (n) between water and glass is less 1. closer to the lens than… than it is between air and glass. Therefore the light in the 2. at the same water bends less and if position as… focused farther away. 3. farther from the lens than… …before.

A real image is one where the light rays actually come from the image

A real image is one where the light rays actually come from the image location. Real Image

Virtual Image A virtual image is one where the light rays do not actually

Virtual Image A virtual image is one where the light rays do not actually come from the image location, but rather only seem to.

Lens Equations: Distances & Focal Points: • Focal Length for a converging lens is

Lens Equations: Distances & Focal Points: • Focal Length for a converging lens is positive (+). • There is something called a diverging lens which has a negative focal length, but we have not (& will not) talk about that type of lens.

Sign Conventions Quantity Object Location symbol Front p + Back - Image Location q

Sign Conventions Quantity Object Location symbol Front p + Back - Image Location q - + Focal Length f + - Converging Diverging (not doing diverging lenses in this class)

Quantity symbol Front Object Location p + - Image Location q - + Focal

Quantity symbol Front Object Location p + - Image Location q - + Focal Length f + - Object is in front of the lens so p = + Back Image is behind the lens so q = + Real Image Front of lens Back of lens

Quantity Front of lens symbol Front Object Location p + - Image Location q

Quantity Front of lens symbol Front Object Location p + - Image Location q - + Focal Length f + - Back of lens Virtual Image is on front of the lens so q=- Object is in front of the lens so p=+ Back

Lens Equations: Magnification Note the negative sign

Lens Equations: Magnification Note the negative sign

Signs for magnification Quantity symbol Upright Image Height h’ + Magnification M + Inverted

Signs for magnification Quantity symbol Upright Image Height h’ + Magnification M + Inverted Image If M is < 1 the image is smaller than the object If M is > 1 the image is larger than the object

Quantity symbol Upright Image Height h’ + Magnification M + Image is inverted (upside

Quantity symbol Upright Image Height h’ + Magnification M + Image is inverted (upside down) therefore h’ = - Inverted Image Real Image

The lens projects an image of the candle on a wall. How will the

The lens projects an image of the candle on a wall. How will the image differ if the top half of the lens is covered with a red filter and the bottom half with a green filter? Lens

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