Introducing 2004 Plano ISD Plano TX Essential Question

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Introducing © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Introducing © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Essential Question • What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an

Essential Question • What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an Ecosystem? © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Unit Essential Question: How do organisms interact with each other the abiotic factors within

Unit Essential Question: How do organisms interact with each other the abiotic factors within the area that they live? In which direction does energy flow within the system? What happens when the flow of energy is interrupted? What happens when non-native species are introduced into an area? Lesson Essential Questions: 1. What is an ecosystem? 2. Where does the energy come from within an ecosystem? 3. How does the energy flow within an ecosystem? © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Lesson Essential Questions: 1. In what ways can 1. What happens species interact when with each other? chemicals 2. What is naturally leach symbiosis? into systems? Define the four 2. What happens major types. when humans introduce chemicals into the environment? Lesson Essential Questions: 1. What happens when an ecosystem is affect by fire or other major geologic/weath er event? 2. How might the ecosystem change? 3. What happens when humans introduce a new species into an area?

What is Ecology? • Branch of biology that studies the environment and the interactions

What is Ecology? • Branch of biology that studies the environment and the interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Biosphere • Part of the earth that supports all life. • Extends from high

Biosphere • Part of the earth that supports all life. • Extends from high in atmosphere to bottom of the oceans. • Includes a wide range of climates – which helps to determine biomes © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Ecosystem includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors Abiotic

Ecosystem includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors the living parts of an ecosystem the nonliving parts of an ecosystem © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Bio Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms Bio = life; ology = study

Bio Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms Bio = life; ology = study of © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples of Biotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples of Biotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

A Abiotic Factors include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun)

A Abiotic Factors include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun) a, an © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX prefix not, without

Examples of Abiotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples of Abiotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples of Ecosystems Mountains Coral Arizona Reefin. Desert in. Colorado Belize © 2004 Plano

Examples of Ecosystems Mountains Coral Arizona Reefin. Desert in. Colorado Belize © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Ecosystems do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can

Ecosystems do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another Biotic Abiotic migration, seed dispersal flood, erosion, drought © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Biotic Factors interact with each other in complex such as ways parasitism mutualism competition

Biotic Factors interact with each other in complex such as ways parasitism mutualism competition also interact with dependent upon abiotic factors in such as water, minerals, the ecosystem temperature, light © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Levels of Organization within an ecosystem large region living and all one all smallest

Levels of Organization within an ecosystem large region living and all one all smallest interacting organisms individual of unit allgroup with typical different nonliving populations of similar living of organs the living thing same cellsin plants and kinds things of to an organized kind working ecosystem living in animals that interacting tissues work one together area includes within workinga several certain together area ecosystems cell © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Niche vs. Habitat Niche Habitat • All the strategies and adaptations a species uses

Niche vs. Habitat Niche Habitat • All the strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment • How it gets its food, shelter, how and where it survives • Is the place where an organism lives out its life • A lawn, bottom of the stream, or oak tree © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Symbiotic Relationships • The living together of two or more organisms of different species

Symbiotic Relationships • The living together of two or more organisms of different species within a close area. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Types of symbiotic relationships • Competition – interaction that affects both species negatively •

Types of symbiotic relationships • Competition – interaction that affects both species negatively • Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed • Mutualism – both species benefit • Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither EXAMPLES helped nor harmed •

Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither EXAMPLES helped nor harmed • Barnacle and the whale • • Remora and the shark Silverfish and ants Hermit crab and snail shell Cowbird and buffalo © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples Mutualism – both species • Bee and maribou stork benefit • Yucca plant

Examples Mutualism – both species • Bee and maribou stork benefit • Yucca plant and yucca moth • Badger and honey guide bird • Ostrich and gazelle • Oxpecker and rhino • Wrasse fish and sea bass © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed. EXAMPLES • Mistletoe and spruce •

Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed. EXAMPLES • Mistletoe and spruce • Cuckoo and warbler • Mouse and flea • Deer and tick © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

BOOK WORK! Section 2. 1 • Q’s p. 37 Problem solving 1 -5 •

BOOK WORK! Section 2. 1 • Q’s p. 37 Problem solving 1 -5 • p. 38 Reading Check Question • p. 42 Reading check question • p. 45 Section Assessment Q’s 1 -5 © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Energy Within the System • LEQ & WARM UP: How does energy flow within

Energy Within the System • LEQ & WARM UP: How does energy flow within an ecosystem? © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

How do things interact? ? Food Chains Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Trophic Levels Primary

How do things interact? ? Food Chains Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Trophic Levels Primary Consumer © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Producer

What is a Trophic Level? • The feeding step in a food chain in

What is a Trophic Level? • The feeding step in a food chain in the passage of energy and materials © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Food Chains – trophic levels • THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY! •

Food Chains – trophic levels • THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY! • Producers- uses the sun to make food • Consumers- Consumes other living things for energy; Scavenger- feeds on dead animals • Decomposer- mainly bacteria that speed up the decomposition of everything © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

How do things interact? ? Food Chains Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Trophic Levels Primary

How do things interact? ? Food Chains Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Trophic Levels Primary Consumer © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Producer

Work with your group to construct your own food Chain • • • What

Work with your group to construct your own food Chain • • • What comes first? What will eat the organisms at the first level? Which trophic Level comes next? Which animal would fit best? Be sure to have your food chain checked! You can earn a stamp! © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Food Webs and Energy within the system © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Food Webs and Energy within the system © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Activity • Now try making a food web… we are going to add the

Activity • Now try making a food web… we are going to add the arrows to the food web you started yesterday in class. • We will now go over what eats what so that you can draw your lines with arrows. • Arrows are drawn from the organism that is being eaten. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Food Web- ALL of the individual food chains in an ecosystem © 2004 Plano

Food Web- ALL of the individual food chains in an ecosystem © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

What Eats What? • Rabbits eat seeds, grains, grass, hay • Squirrels mainly eat

What Eats What? • Rabbits eat seeds, grains, grass, hay • Squirrels mainly eat nuts from trees, and bird seed • Seed eating birds eat seeds • Caterpillars eat leaves and other plants, butterflies will eat nectar from flowers • Mice will eat seeds, grass, hay and sometimes insects. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

What Eats What? • Predacious insects eat other insects • Toads/frogs eat insects, and

What Eats What? • Predacious insects eat other insects • Toads/frogs eat insects, and depending on the size of the toad, they will go after just about anything that moves and can fit in their mouth • Insect eating birds eat insects • Snakes eat birds, bird eggs, toads, baby rabbits, mice, rats • Spiders eat insects and depending on their size, birds and frogs/toads, fish © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

What Eats What? • Hawks eat meat. They will eat other birds, mice, small

What Eats What? • Hawks eat meat. They will eat other birds, mice, small rabbits, snakes, toads, squirrels, small foxes • Owls generally eat mice and other small nocturnal rodents, but on occasion will eat frogs and snakes. • Foxes are opportunistic. They will eat just about anything. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Is your food web finished? • Stamps will be given for finishing your food

Is your food web finished? • Stamps will be given for finishing your food web. On this paper alone, you will have 3 stamps total. (If you completed all the work in a timely manner yesterday) © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Energy within the system • Energy flows from trophic level to trophic level as

Energy within the system • Energy flows from trophic level to trophic level as organisms are being eaten. • There is more energy at the bottom of the energy pyramid, because producers receive most of the sun’s energy. • There will be more producers than consumers as you move your way up the food chain/web © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

How does Energy in a System Flow? . 01%. 1% 1% 10% of the

How does Energy in a System Flow? . 01%. 1% 1% 10% of the energy moves on, 90% is used for metabolic functions 10% 100% Energy comes from the sun © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Why do you think that there is fewer consumers as you move up the

Why do you think that there is fewer consumers as you move up the trophic levels? • Plants will receive almost 100% of the sun’s energy and so there will always be a greater number of producers than consumers. • Less energy is passed from level to level, and so there is fewer consumers as you move up. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Complete three worksheets from the book. Then create the foldable on page 46 in

Complete three worksheets from the book. Then create the foldable on page 46 in the book. Follow the directions, turn in all completed work. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX